This study investigated the influence of sexual double standards on perceptions of targets experiencing illness. Sexual transmission was predicted to result in greater stigmatization. A Target Gender X Illness Transmission interaction was hypothesized, such that female targets with sexually transmitted illness (e.g., STI) would be stigmatized and social rejected more than male STI targets or targets with nonsexual illness (e.g., NSI). Undergraduate students from the southeastern United States (n=151) read descriptions of targets diagnosed with an illness transmitted nonsexually or sexually. Results confirmed sexual transmission led to more negative perceptions of the illness and target; a Target Gender X Illness Transmission interaction influenced social rejection. Qualitative data demonstrated participant gender and illness transmission mode affected anticipated emotional and social reactions.
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Background: In a subset of infants exhibiting typical vigabatrin-related magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) changes, the authors observed additional hippocampal signal abnormalities. The authors investigated occurrence and significance of additional signal abnormalities. Methods: A retrospective review of infantile spasms patients with typical vigabatrin-related MRI abnormalities was performed. Atypical features included signal changes unilaterally or at previously unreported sites. Comparisons were made between patients with and without atypical features. Results In all, 26/55 (47%) exhibited typical vigabatrin-related MRI changes, with additional signal abnormalities in the hippocampi in 6 of 26. On follow-up, evolution of hippocampal signal changes paralleled changes at typical locations in 4 patients. Two patients, clinically well, without follow-up MRI. Patients with and without additional hippocampal signal changes did not differ with respect to clinical factors, including seizure status. One patient had unilateral thalamic/cerebral peduncle signal abnormality along with typical vigabatrin changes. Conclusions: Hippocampal changes seen in subset of patients with typical vigabatrin-related changes may be attributable to vigabatrin exposure in the appropriate circumstance.
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