The study of the morphological and chemical characteristics of otoliths have recently been proposed as complementary tools for fish stock identification. However, their effectiveness remains to be fully assessed, especially in species whose life history is still poorly understood. The relative efficiency of otolith microchemistry and otolith shape analysis in discriminating samples of the deep-sea macrourid Coryphaenoides rupestris collected in different areas in the North Atlantic was examined. Otolith microchemistry based on LA/ICP-MS found significant differences in the concentrations of lithium, manganese and barium among sample sites. This allowed for very high classification accuracy (92%), when using discriminant function analysis. Otolith shape analysis based both on linear shape measurements and elliptical fourier analysis revealed a contrasting weak discrimination, with only 43% classification success. Otolith microchemistry appears to be a more effective tool in identifying individual fish from different locations. The implications for the study of population structure are discussed taking into account the limitations of the methodologies employed.

Chinese wives coming to the U.S. while their husbands study at American universities are cast in a untenable situation rooted in a conflict between Chinese socialization for gender roles and their status in the U.S. While China sanctions gender role equality in education and the workplace and paid work is expected of women and men alike, sojourning wives are thrust into a dependent position, at least for some unpredictable period of time during their stay in the U.S. This study examines what we refer to as gender role disruption, and how conflict between gender ideology and gender roles affects marital satisfaction, through the mediating effect of selfesteem, among wives of Chinese international students in the U.S. The study was framed by two theories–feminism and symbolic interactionism. A self-completion questionnaire and follow-up interviews were conducted with a sample of Chinese sojourning wives, generating both quantitative and qualitative data. Although the results of the quantitative data analysis did not find an association between gender role disruption and marital satisfaction, qualitative results suggested that gender role disruption was related to marital satisfaction, although indirectly, through variables illuminated in the in-depth interviews. In particular, individual characteristics, spousal support, and adjustment to the new culture seemed to be important to marital satisfaction in the sojourning context. Further research, using a larger sample and additional variables brought out through the qualitative data, would shed more light on this process. Implications for counselors, advisors, and others working with international students and their families are discussed.

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Objectives: To explore the pathway associated with dental service use among Hispanic and non-Hispanic Black children, applying Andersen's model of health care service utilization. Methods: Samples of Hispanic (n = 5,055) and non-Hispanic (NH) Black (n = 2,695) children aged 2-17 years from the 2016 National Survey of Children's Health (NSCH) were included in this study. We used structural equation modeling (SEM) to examine the path of the relationship between dental care visits and the three groups of characteristics in Andersen's behavioral model. Results: In the models for Hispanic and non-Hispanic Black children, parents' educational attainment directly and positively affected income and having insurance. Also, insurance (Hispanic children: β = 0.17, P ≤ 0.01; NH Black children: β = 0.25, P ≤ 0.01) and age of the child (Hispanic children: β = 0.14, P ≤ 0.01; NH Black: β = 0.21, P ≤ 0.01) directly and positively affected dental care use. However, there was no direct effect of the need factor on dental care use in either model. Conclusions: Children may receive dental services that eliminate acute dental problems, probably as a result of the ACA and CHIP coverage. The patterns of findings suggest the need for policy changes to improve pediatric dental coverage and promote professional recommendations for effective dental hygiene.

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