Background: Influenza vaccinations are recommended for medical staff as an effective and safe form of preventing influenza and its complications. The aim of the study was to assess the impact of selected educational and information interventions on the influenza vaccination coverage (IVC) in nursing personnel and their attitude towards this procedure. Material and Methods: The study participants (N = 320) were randomly divided into 4 groups. Group 1 participated in stationary training, whereas group 2 participated in distance learning. Additionally, 2 subgroups were established in each of the groups above: 1 subgroup received a reminder about the vaccination in the form of a short text message, and the other group did not receive any such reminder. The IVC rate in each group was determined; the attitude towards influenza vaccination was measured using the health belief model. Results: The highest IVC was obtained after stationary training followed by a reminder in the form of a short test message (36%). The reminder significantly affected IVC in the group attending stationary training (p < 0.05, OR = 2.5, 95% CI: 1.16-5.58); however, it had no impact on the IVC in the group participating in distance learning (p > 0.05, OR = 1.2, 95% CI: 0.51-2.83). Both stationary training and distance learning positively influenced the attitude towards influenza vaccinations. A major change in attitudes towards influenza vaccinations was observed only in the case of stationary training followed by a reminder in the form of a short text message (positive changes in perceived susceptibility and severity took place, perceived vaccination benefits increased, and perceived barriers were reduced). Conclusions: Stationary training followed by a reminder in the form of a short text message is more effective in increasing the IVC rate compared to distance learning. It also promotes positive changes in attitudes to this prophylactic procedure, which is why it should be recommended for wider implementation. Med Pr. 2020;71(6)

Objectives: Maintaining proper nutrition during pregnancy is crucial for pregnant women and especially for who have been diagnosed with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) or who develop gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Material and methods: To measure differences in vitamin and mineral intakes among women with normal pregnancies, pregnant women with GDM, and pregnant women with pre-gestational T1DM; and to assess the women's dietary intakes in comparison with Polish nutritional guidelines. The analysis was conducted among 83 pregnant women (29 GDM patients, 26 T1DM patients and 28 normal pregnancy participants) from whom we collected seven-day 24-hour dietary records during the second part of their pregnancies. Results: There were no statistically significant differences observed for most of the vitamin and mineral intakes across the three groups. However, we did observe a significant difference in the vitamin C and calcium intakes between groups. The mean vitamin C and calcium intakes were significantly higher in the control group than among the diabetic patients. Insufficient dietary calcium intakes were found among 52.3% of the GDM patients and 61.6% of the T1DM participants, while only 28.6% of the normal pregnancy patients experienced a calcium deficiency. The highest incidence of inadequate intake in each of the GDM, T1DM and control groups was observed for vitamin D (100%, 100%, 100%), folate (97.7%, 100%, 100%), iron (97.7%, 100%, 100%), and iodine (97.7%, 92.4%, 85.7%), respectively. Conclusions: Diet alone may not be enough to provide adequate levels of vitamins and minerals for most micronutrients. Supplement use reduces the risk of inadequate intake for many micronutrients, but diet-related issues during pregnancy and pregnancy diagnosed with diabetes remain, and they deserve to be addressed during public health interventions.

Objectives: Pregnancy is a critical period during which environmental factors such as nutrition can affect development. Maintaining proper nutrition becomes even more significant when pregnant women have diabetes. The aim of this study was to measure changes in energy and macronutrient intakes among pregnant women and patients diagnosed either with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) during pregnancy, or, type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) before pregnancy, and to assess the pregnant women's dietary intakes in comparison with Polish Institute of Food and Nutrition nutritional guidelines. Material and methods: The analysis was conducted among 83 pregnant women (29 GDM patients, 26 T1DM patients and 28 normal pregnancy patients-the control group) from whom we gathered nutritional data during the second part of their pregnancies. Data on each woman's diet during pregnancy was collected is self-completed dietary records during seven consecutive 24-hour periods. Results: The mean macronutrient intake of the GDM patients was 32.1% fat, 19.5% protein, and 48.3% carbohydrates; in the T1DM group the results were 34.2%, 19.4% and 46.4% respectively; and in control group they were 31.8%, 17.6% and 50.5% respectively. This study showed that many of the pregnant women did not reach the recommended level of energy intake during pregnancy. Moreover, most of the women exceeded their fat requirements, and fat intake as a proportion of energy intakes also exceeded the guidelines in more than 60% of the women across all groups. Conclusions: The implications and possible causes of excessive fat intake during pregnancy and pregnancies complicated by diabetes are underestimated and undertreated by obstetricians and warrant further investigation, especially in association with gestational weight gain, maternal and fetal perinatal complications, and post-gestational diabetes.

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Background. liver transplantation (ltx) is the ultimate treatment for some hepatologic patients (pts), very often observed having excessive weight gain after operation, resulting in an increased risk of non-communicable diseases (ncds). Objectives. the aim of the pilot study was to evaluate the chosen lifestyle risk factors of ncds (nutritional status, intake of energy, micronutrients, cholesterol and fiber, smoking habit and physical activity) of ltx pts. Material and methods. the pilot study group consisted of 44 pts (13 women and 31 men) of the department of transplant Medicine and nephrology, Medical university of warsaw. anthropometric, nutritional, smoking habit and physical activity data was collected from september 2015 till May 2016. Results. Mean body weight was 85.3 ± 15.6 kg, mean body mass index (BMi) -29.1 ± 4.5 kg/m 2 , mean waist circumference (wc) -101.9 ± 12.3 cm, mean % of total body fat -28.8 ± 7.9%. Only ca. 16% of pts had a normal BMi. More than 90% of pts had abdominal obesity. Mean energy intake was 1,605.4 ± 441.6 kcal (percentage of energy protein/total fat/carbohydrates -18.2 ± 3.2%/34.4 ± 5.8%/47.1 ± 6.0%), cholesterol intake 264.6 ± 100.7 mg, dietary fiber intake 17.4 ± 5.8 g daily. Mean number of steps was 7,163.2 ± 3,344.5 per day, and mean daily Met was only 1.5 ± 0.3. Moderate physical activity lasted on average for 02:06 ± 01:27 (hh:mm). the prevalence for smoking was 23%. Conclusions. the diet of ltx pts was based on improper proportions of macronutrients. anthropometric measurements of these patients revealed an impaired nutritional status, including metabolic obesity. the physical level of activity was insufficient. the prevalence for smoking was similar to the general Polish population. the presence of ncd risk factors among ltx pts requires the creation of interprofessional teams of health care workers. Key words: life style, liver transplantation, risk of non-communicable diseases.

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Introduction.Overweight and obesity are frequently present in both women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and with Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT). This is a limited study regarding the benefits of lifestyle changes, including dietary habits, dedicated to patients with HT and PCOS. Objective.The aim of the study was to assess the effectiveness of an intervention programme based on the Mediterranean Diet (MD) without caloric restriction and increased physical activity to change selected anthropometric parameters in women with both health conditions. Materials and method. The intervention programme consisted of changing the participants diet towards MD rules and increasing physical activity for 10 weeks according WHO recommendation. The study involved 14 women diagnosed with HT, 15 with PCOS and 24 women from a control group. The intervention programme consisted of educating patients in the form of a lecture, dietary advice, leaflets and a 7-day menu based on MD. During the programme, patients were required to implement recommended lifestyle changes. The mean intervention time was 72 ± 20 days. Nutritional status was analyzed by body composition, degree of implementation of the principles of the MD by using the MedDiet Score Tool, and the level of physical activity by the IPAQ-PL questionnaire. The above-mentioned parameters were evaluated twice, before and after the intervention. Results. The intervention programme consisting in implementing the principles of the MD and increasing physical activity to effect a change in the anthropometric parameters of all groups of women studied; all women had a reduction in body fat and body mass index. A decrease in waist circumference was observed in the group of patients with Hashimoto's disease.Conclusions. An intervention programme based on the Mediterranean Diet and physical activity can be a good way to improve the health of HT and PCOS patients.