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The objective of the study is to fill in gaps in research in the area of multifaceted evaluation of competitive performance of the food industry in European Union member states. The study involved calculation of the export share in the world market, the ratio of shown comparative advantage, the ratio of coverage of import with export and the Grubel–Lloyd index and then construction of a synthetic measure of international competitiveness in the years 2009–2012. The group of the states with a high competitive position of their food industry included the Netherlands, France, Spain, and Denmark. In the case of the Netherlands and France, this fact was determined, above all, by their high share in the export world, and in the case of Spain and Denmark, their significant comparative advantage. A considerable market share was also characteristic of Germany, which was ultimately classified as a country with a medium competitive position due to a relatively small importance of the industry in the entire export of this country. [EconLit Citations: F14, L66].

The competitiveness of the food industry, which is among the most important areas in the Central European economy, is a significant and topical research area in economics. The sector is particularly important for long-term sustainable growth in Central European national economies. Its high competitiveness is an important stabiliser in an environment of global economic instability. This study aimed to assess the relationships between elements of competitive potential and the competitive position of the food industry in E.U. countries. The relationships between these categories were examined using econometric models with the use of panel data. The results of the spatial-temporal modelling of the panel data confirmed the significant impact of production potential on the share of exports, profitability and the synthetic competitive position index, the impact of labour productivity on all analysed competitive position ratios, the impact of labour costs on the trade coverage, profitability and overall competitive position and the positive impact of innovation on profitability. It was found that labour productivity was of the greatest importance in building a competitive position. The results of the research can be used by food industry companies and government authorities in creating competitive advantages for the food industry in international markets.

Purpose:The main aim of the research was to assess the international competitiveness of the furniture industry in the EU Member States. The article deals with the interpretation and methods of measuring competitiveness at this level of economic analysis. Design/Methodology/Approach: The study used the measurement model of the international competitiveness of an industry -the proposed methodology allowed for a broad assessment of competitive potential and competitive position. A set of competitiveness indicators and a multidimensional statistical analysis were presented. Findings: The international competitiveness of the EU furniture industry is diversified. The furniture industries in Poland, Italy, and Germany had the most significant competitive advantage by far. These countries have exceptionally high production potential and big export share. Practical Implications: The research can inform furniture manufacturers about the factors that contribute to increase competitiveness. Some strengths and areas for improvement in the operation of the furniture industry from various countries were identified. These may be relevant for building a lasting competitive advantage in the international market. Originality/Value: Competitiveness is a category that is relatively rarely studied at the sector level. The present study performs a broad assessment of the furniture industry's competitiveness, considering both the factor and the result dimensions. The empirical research presented herein has both theoretical and practical value. The employed methodology is universal and can be used to assess various industries and sectors of the economy.

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The study identified the most important sources of information on innovations and the initiators of innovative activity in agricultural holdings using assets from the ZWRSP. The results of the conducted research indicate that the initiators of innovative activities were most often owners of agricultural farms. The most popular sources of information on innovations were agricultural advisory, Internet, courses and training.

Quote as: Łukiewska, K. (2020). Diversification of competitive results of the food industry of the 'old' and 'new' EU countries. Prace Naukowe Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wrocławiu, 64(4).