Within the Waste2Fuel project, innovative, high-performance, and cost-effective fuel production methods are developed to target the “closed carbon cycle”. The catalysts supported on different metal oxides were characterized by XRD, XPS, Raman, UV-Vis, temperature-programmed techniques; then, they were tested in CO2 hydrogenation at 1 bar. Moreover, the V2O5 promotion was studied for Ni/Al2O3 catalyst. The precisely designed hydrotalcite-derived catalyst and vanadia-promoted Ni-catalysts deliver exceptional conversions for the studied processes, presenting high durability and selectivity, outperforming the best-known catalysts. The equilibrium conversion was reached at temperatures around 623 K, with the primary product of reaction CH4 (>97% CH4 yield). Although the Ni loading in hydrotalcite-derived NiWP is lower by more than 40%, compared to reference NiR catalyst and available commercial samples, the activity increases for this sample, reaching almost equilibrium values (GHSV = 1.2 × 104 h–1, 1 atm, and 293 K).
CO2 methanation
is a very promising technology for the
production of alternative fuels with the simultaneous use of greenhouse
gases. Therefore, intensive research is carried out on the optimization
of catalysts with excellent properties for operation in the area of
low temperatures. Here, we present research on a catalyst composed
of 19 wt % NiO supported on alumina/calcium aluminate. The catalyst
was modified with V2O5 in order to be suited
for extrusion and scale-up in the frame of power to gas technology.
Samples with various vanadium contents (Ni–xV, where x represents the amount of vanadium) were
prepared in the form of ground granules obtained from 0.5 mm diameter
spherical grains. X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy
(TEM), skeletal infrared (IR), diffuse reflectance ultraviolet–visible-near-infrared
(DR-UV–vis-NIR), and X-ray photoelectron (XPS) spectroscopies,
as well as H2 temperature-programmed reduction (H2-TPR), were used to characterize the samples. Catalytic performances
of the catalyst samples were tested in CO2 hydrogenation
at 1 atm. Among the many supported Ni catalysts tested in our laboratories,
the catalysts of 0.5 and 1 wt % V showed very high activity, with
the highest CH4 yield of 97% at 623 K. These catalysts
exhibited 100% CH4 selectivity up to 673 K. The excellent
performances of the studied catalysts are attributed to the possible
formation of Ni–V solid solution alloy nanoparticles.
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