Health Psychology Research ConclusionExisting studies provide promising results. However, additional high-quality data on vitamin D supplementation is needed before recommendations for pain management can be made. Vitamin D supplementation is inexpensive, has minimal side effects, and can benefit FM patients regardless of its efficacy in pain control. Additionally, high-quality studies are warranted to fully elucidate the potential of vitamin D to manage chronic pain in FM.

Objective: To identify demographic and clinical features impacting initial treatment pathway for vestibular schwannoma. Study Design: Retrospective chart review. Setting: Tertiary care academic medical center. Patients: Patients diagnosed with vestibular schwannoma between 2009 and 2019. Interventions: Observation, stereotactic radiosurgery, or microsurgical resection. Main Outcome Measures: χ 2 Test, one-way analysis of variance, and multivariate logistic regression were used to correlate demographic and clinical factors with initial treatment pathway for 197 newly diagnosed vestibular schwannoma patients. Results: Among 197 patients, 93 (47%) were initially treated with observation, 60 (30%) with stereotactic radiation (Gamma Knife) and 44 (22%) with surgical resection. Age univariately had no statistically significant impact on initial pathway, but those undergoing surgery trended toward a younger demographic (49.1 yr [surgery] versus 57.2 yr [observation] versus 59.0 yr [Gamma Knife]).Men were more likely to be initially observed than women ( p = 0.04). Patients initially observed were more likely to have a lower Koos classification ( p < 0.001) and have better tumor-ear hearing ( p = 0.03). Only 34.4% of patients living outside the local geographic region were initially observed compared with 53.0% living locally ( p = 0.055). Surgeon correlated with initial treatment ( p = 0.04) but did not maintain significance when adjusting for hearing level or tumor size. A multiple linear regression model found age, maximum tumor diameter, and Koos class to correlate with initial treatment pathway ( p < 0.0001, r 2 = 0.42). Conclusion: Initial treatment pathway for newly diagnosed vestibular schwannoma is impacted by demographic factors such as age, sex, and geographic proximity to the medical center. Clinical features including hearing level and tumor size also correlated with initial treatment modality.