Aim. To identify the effects of sociodemographic status, family history, and lifestyle habits on fasting blood glucose (FBG) and fasting serum insulin (FSI) levels in apparently healthy subjects. Methods. Information was gathered using an interviewer-administered questionnaire from 227 apparently healthy nondiabetic subjects residing in a suburban area in Sri Lanka. Venous blood samples were collected after an overnight fast for FBG and FSI analysis. Correlations and differences were analyzed using SPSS (ver. 17) software. Results. The majority of the subjects were females, having secondary or tertiary education, monthly income ≥Rs. 25,000 (USD 175), and a positive family history of diabetes. Among the subjects, 10.1% were identified as prediabetics and the majority had familial diabetes with monthly income ≥Rs. 25,000 (USD 175). Subjects with high income had significantly higher mean FBG. In addition FBG had a significant correlation with age. Males and subjects with less than 6 hours/day sleeping duration at night had significantly higher FBG. Subjects with less vigorous physical activity and longer sitting duration had significantly higher FSI levels. Conclusions. Increasing age, higher income, positive familial history of diabetes, sedentary lifestyle, and short sleep at night have positive impact on glycaemic status in apparently healthy subjects.
Insulin resistance (IR) and obesity are inter-related causes of metabolic syndrome. Early identification before the onset of metabolic syndrome will be useful to lead a healthy life. The purpose of the present study was to identify the importance of IR before the onset of metabolic syndrome in apparently healthy, non-diabetics subjects. Data of 227 apparently healthy non-diabetics (20-70 years) who reside in a suburban area in Colombo district, Sri Lanka, were recruited for this study. Fasting blood glucose (FBG), fasting serum insulin (FSI), weight, height, waist circumference (WC), hip circumference (HC), and mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) were measured and homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was calculated. Body mass index (BMI), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) were calculated. Data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Science (ver.17). Majority were females (61.8 %). Prevalence of IR was 59.9 %. Mean BMI of IR subjects was 28.3±2.7 kg m −2 where 75.3 % of obese had IR. All anthropometric variables except height had significant positive correlations (P<0.01) with IR. Linear regression analysis indicated that BMI is useful in predicting IR while logistic regression analysis showed that BMI and WC are the best predictors of IR in males whereas it was WHtR and WC in females. Even though study subjects were apparently healthy and not diagnosed as diabetes, those with elevated anthropometric parameters had higher prevalence of IR. Best anthropometric predictors of IR for a specific sex should be used as an easy self-monitoring alarming sign before the onset of metabolic syndrome.
Central obesity is a significant risk factor for metabolic syndrome in adults. Central fat distribution greatly alters the lipid profile and induces atherogenic dyslipidaemia even in normoglycaemic, non-hypertensive subjects. Hence, the aim of the present study was to identify the serum lipid parameters which are altered with central obesity in non-diabetic, non-hypertensive subjects in Sri Lanka. A cross-sectional study was conducted at the Family Practice Centre of University of Sri Jayewardenepura, after obtaining ethical clearance and informed written consent from 227 non-diabetics, non-hypertensive subjects who were not on Statins. Overnight fasting venous blood was collected and assayed for serum lipid profile such as triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC) and high density cholesterol (HDL). Low density cholesterol (LDL) and TG/HDL ratio were calculated. Waist circumference (WC) was measured based on WHO and NHANES standards. All data were analysed using SPSS (ver.17) software. Mean age of the subjects was 40.7 ± 13.7 years and 59.9% were females. Obese males and females were 40.7% and 49.3% respectively. In the study sample, mean TG and TG/HDL ratio were significantly (p<0.05) higher in obese males. However, all mean serum lipid parameters such as TG, TC, LDL and TG/HDL ratio were higher in both obese males and females and HDL was lower in them. Hence, even in non-diabetic, non-hypertensive subjects, central obesity has a relationship with altered lipid profile which could lead to obesity related metabolic abnormalities.
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