immune systems, and therefore are more susceptible to sickness more often. Therefore, the older population needs to be added and thus segmented into several different age groups that will help give clear indications as far as age and its influence on contracting the flu virus, and whether or not the vaccine is effective. For example, splitting people up into age groups such as ages 0-10 years, 10-20 years, 20-30 years, and 65 years and older, along with factoring in their occupations and daily activities, and then administering the same tests used in the experiment. This will be far more efficient in figuring out how the vaccine helps or does not help people of all ages rather than just a set age group such as children. As someone who has doubts about the flu vaccine, I believe that more evidence must be found across particular age groups to prove the quality and the effectiveness of the vaccine on individuals at all stages of life. Field mentions that his study was limited to a private pediatric practice and the information was gathered over a 1-year period. 1 To expand upon this, a larger, more diverse and broad sample must be used to show the efficacy and validity of the flu vaccine. This study was a huge step in the right direction in bringing about awareness of the influenza vaccine and its capabilities. With the changes mentioned above, the vaccine's influence can be far more prevalent and potentially prevent a contagious and frequently diagnosed respiratory disease in America.
Objective: to compare endoscopic and histopathologic features of superficial, elevated lesions with one or more centimeters in diameter, diagnosed by videocolonoscopy on the distal and proximal colon, and subjected to mucosal resection. Methods: we conducted a retrospective, cross-sectional, observational study involving 8,075 videocolonoscopies. From this total, we evaluated 166 mucosectomies in 145 patients with superficial, elevated lesions with a diameter equal to or greater than 1cm. Results: the lesion prevalence was lower in G1 than in G2 (34.9% vs. 65%). The mean age, gender distribution and size (1.9cm in G1 versus 2.0cm in G2, p=0.921) were similar. There was no difference of mucosal surfaces in relation to the location (p=0.575). Considering Intraepithelial neoplasias, both the low grade, high grade (including carcinomas) and hyperplasic ones showedd no difference (p=0.527), nor did the neoplastic lesions when divided into serrated and non-serrated (p=0.124). Excluding 13 hyperplastic lesions and two carcinomas, 124 (82.1%) were non-serrated and 27 (17.9%), serrated. Conclusion: were found no significant differences between endoscopic and histopathological aspects of superficial, elevated lesions of 1cm or more in diameter in distal colon compared with the proximal, when resected by mucosectomy. Although not significant, there was a tendency of association between the location of the lesion and the presence of serrated features.
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