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Chaos-based image encryption schemes have been extensively employed over the past few years. Many issues such as the dynamical degradation of digital chaotic systems and information security have been explored, and plenty of successful solutions have also been proposed. However, the impact of finite precision in different hardware and software setups has received little attention. In this work, we have shown that the finite precision error may produce distinct cipher-images on different devices. In order to overcome this problem, we introduce an efficient cryptosystem, in which the chaotic logistic map and the Galois field theory are applied. Our approach passes in the ENT test suite and in several cyberattacks. It also presents an astonishing key space of up to 2 4096 . Benchmark images have been effectively encrypted and decrypted using dissimilar digital devices.

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection has caused several problems in healthcare systems around the world, as to date, there is no effective and specific treatment against all forms of COVID-19. Currently, drugs with therapeutic potential are being tested, including antiviral, anti-inflammatory, anti-malarial, immunotherapy, and antibiotics. Although antibiotics have no direct effect on viral infections, they are often used against secondary bacterial infections, or even as empiric treatment to reduce viral load, infection, and replication of coronaviruses. However, there are many concerns about this therapeutic approach as it may accelerate and/or increase the long-term rates of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). We focused this overview on exploring candidate drugs for COVID-19 therapy, including antibiotics, considering the lack of specific treatment and that it is unclear whether the widespread use of antibiotics in the treatment of COVID-19 has implications for the emergence and transmission of multidrug-resistant bacteria.

This paper investigates the use of dynamical chaotic systems to encrypt and exchange images between different devices. Two devices were used to simulate the Cubic Map, having the same set of initial conditions, to generate an encryption key. Although both devices are floatingpoint compliant, the simulations, and consequently the encryption key, turned out to differ from one another. This indicates that many existing chaos-based encryption schemes are just special cases of computational arithmetic properties, in which some characteristics in the construction of the devices coincided. A method to mitigate such flaw was also presented. Resumo: Este trabalho investiga o uso de sistemas caóticos dinâmicos para criptografar e trocar imagens entre diferentes dispositivos. Dois dispositivos foram usados para simular o mapa cúbico, com o mesmo conjunto de condições iniciais e gerar uma chave de criptografia. Embora ambos os dispositivos sejam compatíveis com a norma de ponto flutuante, as simulações e, consequentemente, a chave de criptografia, mostraram-se diferentes umas das outras. Isso indica que muitos esquemas existentes de criptografia baseados em caos são apenas casos especiais de propriedades aritméticas computacionais, nas quais algumas características na construção dos dispositivos coincidem. Um método para mitigar essa falha também foi apresentado.

Chaos-based encryption is one of the promising cryptography techniques that can be used. Although chaosbased encryption provides excellent security, the finite precision of number representation in computers affects decryption accuracy negatively. In this paper, a way to mitigate some problems regarding finite precision is analyzed. We show that the use of maps with small Lyapunov exponents can improve the performance of chaotic encryption scheme, making it suitable for image encryption.

Chaos-based encryption uses a chaotic dynamic system to encrypt a file. The aim of this study was to investigate the use of the chaotic Cubic Map to encrypt data, in particular, audio files. A simple algorithm was developed to encrypt and decrypt an audio data. The effectiveness of the method was measured by means of the correlation coefficient calculation, spectral entropy and also by comparing waveforms. The measurements were shown to lead to satisfactory confusion levels of the original data, within a few seconds. This indicates that the Cubic Map can be used as a source for encryption keys, with as good or better security indicators when compared to other schemes.

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This paper proposes a novel method of chaos-based encryption for audio. Our method outperformed the minimal requirement of speed for real time audio transfers while maintaining its high security features. The paper exploits finite errors derived from the computation of chaotic systems. The cipher is built on the lower bound error, which is computed by means of two interval extensions of a chaotic system. It was found that the method was effective, and required little computational power in order to be completed, proving to be faster and still reliable compared to other works.