ABSTRAKTerdapat indikasi bahwa kesadaran peternak ayam ras petelur terhadap biosekuriti masih rendah. Makalah ini bertujuan untuk menentukan tingkat adopsi peternak ayam ras petelur di Sulawesi Selatan dalam berbagai tindakan biosekuriti. Kabupaten Sidenreng Rappang (Sidrap) dipilih sebagai lokasi penelitian karena terkenal sebagai pusat peternakan ayam ras petelur. Jumlah sampel adalah 60 responden. Sampel dipilih secara acak dari dua kecamatan yang paling banyak peternaknya yaitu Baranti dan Maritengae. Data dikumpulkan menggunakan kuesioner terstruktur dan wawancara. Data ditabulasi dan dianalisis menggunakan metode skoring status biosekuriti. Status biosekuriti digunakan untuk mengetahui tingkat adopsi biosekuriti. Status biosekuriti diperoleh berdasarkan penerapan tindakan biosekuriti yang terdiri dari 9 tahap yaitu: input peternakan, lalu lintas ke peternakan, jarak dari sumber penyakit dengan kandang, keadaan peternakan, biosekuriti pada pagar peternakan, biosekuriti antara pagar dan kandang, biosekuriti di pintu kandang, lalu lintas dalam kandang dan kerentanan terhadap penyakit. Berdasarkan indeks adopsi, hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa adopsi biosekuriti pada peternak ayam ras petelur di Sulawesi Selatan diklasifikasikan sebagai parsial adopter.Kata kunci: adopsi biosekuriti, peternak, ayam ras petelur ABSTRACTIt was indicated that layer smallholders awareness of biosecurity was low. This paper aimed to determine the level of adoption within the South Sulawesi layer smallholders of a range of standard biosecurity measures. Sidenreng Rappang (Sidrap) regency was chosen as a location of the research, because it was famous as a central of layer smallholders. Total sample was 60 respondents. The sample was chosen through random sampling from two districts which were the most populous of layer smallholders, namely Baranti and Maritengae. Data were collected using structured questionnaires and depth-interview. The data were tabulated and analysed using a simple method of scoring with regard to their biosecurity status. The status of biosecurity was used to know the level of biosecurity adoption. Biosecurity status was obtained based on the adoption of biosecurity measures which consisted of 9 stages: farm inputs, traffic onto farms, distance from sources of pathogens to shed, exposure of farm, biosecurity at farm boundary, biosecurity between farm boundary and shed, biosecurity at the shed door, traffic into the shed and susceptibility of the flock. Using adoption index, this research revealed that biosecurity adoption of layer smallholders in South Sulawesi was classified into a "partial adopter".

Animal husbandry development in Indonesia has been focusing on increasing farmers’ income, expand employment and provide business opportunities for the community. A livestock enterprise is said to be successful if it can contribute income to farmers. This study aims to measure the income of livestock farming on farm household scale in Indonesia. This study observed the production costs, revenues, farm income, and revenue-cost (R/C) ratio. The R/C ratio determines the level of efficiency of livestock business based on the ratio between the variable costs incurred and revenues. The data used secondary data from BPS-Statistics Indonesia. In general, this study shows that livestock farming on household scale provided benefits for farmers in terms of positive incomes and appropriate values of R/C ratios.

Livelihood systems of nomadic duck herders make a unique study subject due to the livelihood assets, strategies, and outcomes they manage, which involve interactions with various actors that keep moving around. Social capital the duck herders build in their interaction with other actors, namely rice farmers, play an important role to face different vulnerability context, including those brought by the Covid-19 pandemic. This study aims to characterize components of bonding, bridging and linking social capital in the context of relationships between duck herders and other actors, and seeks to find the essential role of the combination of the three types of social capital for livelihood outcomes, particularly in facing vulnerabilities due to the pandemic. The method of grounded theory research was applied for its ability to allow researchers to reveal processual relationships between duck herders and other actors. Data were collected through semi structured interviews, analyzed by open, axial, and selective coding. The duck herders combine components of bonding, bridging, and linking social capital selectively depending on the interests behind each interaction with different actors. The bridging and linking role that social capital plays in herders’ interactions with farmers and irrigation officials is undertaken in order to gain access to natural capital (rice fields and irrigated water), while in their interaction with egg traders, they utilize bridging social capital to gain access to financial capital (in the form of cash and loans). The vulnerability context due to the pandemic has shaken the livelihood system of the duck herders by upsetting the egg supply chain due to social restriction policies. Social capital therefore plays an important role in facing vulnerability, in the context of forming good will among egg traders that continued to buy eggs from the duck herders, which served as a kind of pay back for the loyalty of the duck herders. We find that social capital plays a vital role in a livelihood system, within which the access to livelihood assets depend on social relations. This study also explored the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic as it resonates more on supply chains than production processes.

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The purpose of this study was to determine the potential and availability of duck fodder in paddy fields that supports the sustainability of moving duck farmers’ livelihoods. The research method used was measuring the type of food eaten by ducks in paddy fields after being harvested by tiling and cropping ducks. There were three types of local duck feed in paddy fields after harvesting that could be measured in this study, namely rice that was wasted and left behind on harvested stems (loses), golden snails and earthworms. The availability of feed based on dry weight, namely, paddy at 702.40 kg/hectare, golden snails at 251.20 kg/hectare and earthworms at 4 kg/hectare. The availability of feed in the form of golden snails was quite high, especially the fresh weight of 1.064 kg/hectare. Golden snails reproduced quickly when the fields were already inundated with water. The availability of feed in the form of earthworms is 40 kg/hectare. The results of the research from the harvesting of ducks released in the fields were the consumption of dry weight of feed of 53.24 g/duck. Thus, the estimated feed availability based on dry weight was 97.60 kg/hectare. So that one hectare of paddy fields could accommodate as many as 300 ducks for two months (60 days). For the sustainability of the availability of feed for ducks in the paddy fields after two months of grazing, it can be obtained from the fruit of paddy regrowth from paddy stalks/straw that live in paddy fields. Sources of food for ducks could also be obtained from grasses and small snails that have just hatched and several types of insects in the paddy fields. It concluded that the potential and availability of feed in the paddy fields after harvesting for ducks were still supportive. Therefore, it reduced the cost of feed for farmers.