The fulfillment of human nutrition in the first 1000 days of life will affect the health quality throughout life. Infants aged 6-24 months require complementary feeding as an effort to fulfill their nutrition. Tempe was used as raw material because it is an affordable protein, while oyster mushroom was used because of its protein, mineral and functional compositions, such as immunomodulatory dietary fiber β-glucan which beneficial for immune system. The purpose of this study is to instant complementary feeding powder fortified with oyster mushroom and tempe, and characterize the resultant powder. This study used a completely randomized design (CRD) with one factor, the food formula with six variations. The sensory characteristics of the resultant powder from all formulas were analysed. The best formula was subsequenty analysed which included chemical, microbiology and physical aspects. The best instant complementary feeding powder was produced using the ratio of tempe flour to oyster mushroom flour 18: 4.
The majority of carbohydrates found in edible mushroom are in the form of polysaccharides, specifically beta-glucans. These beta-glucans have been reported as anticancer, antioxidant, and immunomodulator. This study aimed to investigate the potential of P. pulmonarius as functional food by comparing the carbohidrate content (total carbohydrate, beta-glucans, and reducing sugars) in P. pulmonarius extracted using microwave assisted extraction (MAE) at different temperatures: 60oC, 80oC and 100oC. Moreover, active compound screening was also conducted. MAE was chosen as the extraction method due to its short extraction time. The phenol-sulfiric acid method was used to measure total carbohydrates, while beta-glucan content was measured using the Megazyme Beta-Glucan Kit. Reducing sugar content was measured using the DNS (3,5-Di Nitro Salisilic Acid) and active compound screening was performed by qualitative method. The results showed that the highest total carbohydrates and beta-glucans were obtained at 60oC (75,089±0,012 mg/mL and 32,356±0,006% w/w respectively) while the highest reducing sugar content was obtained at 80oC (0,216±0,009 mg/mL). Active compound screening revealed the presence of flavonoids, saponins, and triterpenoids in each sample. These findings suggest that P. pulmonarius has potential as functional food since the rich content of beta-glucans and active compounds. The use of MAE at 60oC is more effective to extract P. pulmonarius compared with 80oC and 100oC.
Recently, Pleurotus ostreatus has become the most cultivated edible mushroom in Indonesia because of the simple in cultivation. Pleurotus ostreatus easy to grow in a medium contained sawdust as a main substrate, with the addition of rice brand, corn flour, lime and gypsum. Mushroom production is bioconversion process which involves the activity of lignocellulolytic enzymes such as laccase, cellulase, and xylanase. The aim of this study was to reveal the pattern of laccase, cellulase, and xylanase activity during the growth of P. ostreatus on the sawdust medium. The results show that the highest laccase activity was obtained on the 15th day after spawn inoculation (ASI) of 0.66 Unit and decline sharply after the day of 45th ASI until the day of 75th ASI. Furthermore, the similar pattern with difference on the time incubation was obtained on the activity of cellulase and xylanase. It was decrease after the day 30th ASI. The highest activity of cellulase was 0.51 Unit on 30th day of ASI and decrease gradually until the day of 75th ASI. Furthermore, the highest activity of xylanase was on 30th day ASI of 0.34 Unit and decrease sharply until the day of 75th.
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