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This paper presents a review and analysis of current non-destructive failure detection methods of composite materials and a brief outline of the build of a bamboo bicycle which has been used as a development platform and test bed for the initial development of a novel and practical nondestructive failure detection solution, which has future compatibility for carbon-fibre (CF)-based bicycles. The paper begins by presenting the current market condition of composite materials and in particular, CF and CF-reinforced plastic, and then follows onto failure modes and proceeds to investigate a comprehensive range of failure detection methods. ARTICLE HISTORY

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This paper presents the modelling and real time implementation of PEM (polymer electrolyte membrane) fuel cell flow control. Flow control presents a critical performance requirement to achieving dynamic power responses for electric vehicle motor demands. However a fuel cell's complex structure and reactant requirements traditionally result in an unsatisfactory response to such dynamic loading instances. This in turn causes brief power losses associated with driving patterns such as acceleration and hill climbing. To improve the fuel cell's dynamic response to such drive cycles, this paper presents new methodology for system identification and controller design. The fuel cell is modelled initially with established linear model and parameter estimation methods. The approach is then expanded to an on-line system identification LabVIEW programme to account for the non-linear and time varying characteristics. Based upon this identification process, a novel LabVIEW self-tuning PID controller is implemented in real time to control the response. The self-tuning controller continuously recalculates the critical gain and period, and then adjusts the controller actions accordingly. Conclusions are then summarised from the results and future ongoing work is discussed briefly.

In this paper, a systematic approach for investigating a hydrogen fuel cell hybrid vehicle system is considered. This approach involves developing a mathematical model incorporating renewable hydrogen production, storage and refuelling of the fuel cell vehicle system. The University of Glamorgan's (UOG) Sustainable Environment Research Centre (SERC) have developed the UK's first alternative energy refuelling facility at the University's Hydrogen Centre in Baglan. Hydrogen produced from renewable energy on-site will be use to refuel the UOG, Faculty of Advanced Technology, Hydrogen Bus (UOGHB). The simulation model is used to analyse the effect of operating conditions and energy demand of the UOGHB. Comparisons are made between the simulation results from the mathematical model and UOGHB experimental data. A general agreement exists but where disagreements and anomalies occur, reasoned arguments are presented in explanation. The model represents a reasonable overall representation of the UOGHB. This model can be used for controller development, to improve operational quality and performances.

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