Plankton dalam perairan memiliki peranan yang penting sebagai produsen serta penyuplai nutrisi maupun indikator lingkungan. Struktur komunitas dan faktor pendukung lingkungan berpengaruh terhadap keadaan ekosistem perairan budidaya serta pengaruhnya pada komoditas budidaya. Penelitian ini membahas mengenai struktur komunitas plankton pada air kolam lele yang berbeda warna. Kolam yang digunakan adalah kolam budidaya lele air hijau di Kalasan, cokelat di Prambanan, dan merah di Berbah, Sleman. Parameter kualitas air yang meliputi pH, suhu, bahan organik, dan oksigen terlarut diukur sebanyak 3 kali setiap 2 minggu sekali dan kadar nitrat, nitrit, amonia diukur pada saat awal sampling. Pengambilan sampel plankton dilakukan dengan menggunakan plankton net sebanyak 3 kali setiap 2 minggu sekali. Jenis dan jumlah plankton diamati secara mikroskopis. Penentuan jenis plankton dilakukan dengan membandingkan ciri-ciri yang tampak dengan literatur. Dominansi plankton, diversitas plankton, kepadatan serta pengaruh kualitas air terhadap struktur komunitas plankton dianalisis secara statistik. Hasil pegamatan menunjukan plankton yang mendominansi adalah Chlorophyta dengan nilai indeks diversitas maupun dominansi di semua jenis kolam tergolong rendah-sedang. Berdasarkan uji statistik menunjukkan kualitas air yang berpengaruh terhadap struktur komunitas plankton adalah bahan organik, amonia, dan nitrit. Struktur komunitas plankton pada air kolam berbeda warna menunjukkan terdapat 15 filum yang terdiri dari 32 kelas. Plankton yang dominan pada kolam warna air hijau adalah Microcystis aeruginosa, sedangkan kolam cokelat dan merah adalah Chlorella varigatus. Nilai diversitas dan dominansi pada ketiga warna air cenderung stabil moderat, karena termasuk dalam kategori sedang yang menunjukan kondisi kolam tergolong stabil dan baik untuk budidaya.
Abstract. Wijayanti KAN, Istiqomah I, Murwantoko. 2021. Bacterial abundance and community composition in green, brown and red water from intensive Catfish (Clarias sp.) culture ponds in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 3677-3684. Catfish (Clarias sp.) is an important aquaculture commodity in Indonesia and cultured in an intensive system. Microorganisms play an important role in maintaining water quality of aquaculture system. The objective of this study was to determine the bacterial abundance and community composition of green, brown and red water collected from intensive catfish culture ponds in Yogyakarta using next-generation sequencing method. The water samples were collected from intensive catfish culture ponds with different colors, namely green, brown and red ponds located in Yogyakarta. The DNA from water samples was extracted using DNA extraction kit and used as template for 16S rRNA amplification. The V3-V4 hypervariable regions of the 16S rRNA gene were amplified apply for next-generation sequencing technology. This study could explore effectively the bacterial community in water samples. The bacterial communities in this catfish culture water showed higher bacterial richness compared to the other aquaculture system. The diversity of the green, brown and red catfish culture water ponds was similar with the number OTUs of the green, brown and red water samples, which were 1269; 1387 and 1323 OTUs respectively. The 694 OTUs (34.42%) were common core microbiomes in all catfish culture ponds, the 212 OTUs (10.51%) are present on green and brown water ponds, the 182 OTUs (9.02%) were on green and red water ponds, and the 183 OTUs (9.07%) were present on green and brown water ponds. However, the composition of the bacterial community was different. The most dominant phylum in green and brown water ponds was Proteobacteria with relative abundance in green water and brown water 71.6% and 47.0% respectively, whereas, the most dominant phylum in red water was Firmicutes (29.5%). The dominance of Firmicutes phylum in red water ponds may be caused by application of probiotic bacteria, the high organic content, and low oxygen concentration.
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