Porcine skin is considered a de facto surrogate for human skin. However, this study shows that the mechanical characteristics of full thickness burned human skin are different from those of porcine skin. The study relies on five mechanical properties obtained from uniaxial tensile tests at loading rates relevant to surgery: two parameters of the Veronda-Westmann hyperelastic material model, ultimate tensile stress, ultimate tensile strain, and toughness of the skin samples. Univariate statistical analyses show that human and porcine skin properties are dissimilar (p < 0.01) for each loading rate. Multivariate classification involving the five mechanical properties using logistic regression can successfully separate the two skin types with a classification accuracy exceeding 95% for each loading rate individually as well as combined. The findings of this study are expected to guide the development of effective training protocols and high-fidelity simulators to train burn care providers.
This review summarizes the literature related to agricultural wastes published during 2009. The review is divided into the following sections: waste characterization, waste management and pollution minimization, waste treatment, and waste recycle and reuse.
This work predicts the elastic modulus tensor, equation of state, and coefficients of thermal expansion at all stable thermodynamic states for γ-RDX. The work provides substantial material information for continuum modeling of RDX.
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