Résumé Le COVID-19, une importante « Urgence de santé publique de portée internationale », a demandé une plus grande attention des chercheurs pour étudier sa pathogenèse, les complications associées et la prise en charge. Cependant, rares sont les études qui ont étudié son impact potentiel sur la santé de la population, qui est soumise à l'éloignement social, au confinement communautaire et à des restrictions dans ses activités courantes. Le but de cette étude est d'évaluer la prévalence de la détresse psychologique et des besoins de santé mentale dans la population du Tamil Nadu soumise au confinement, à la distanciation sociale au milieu de la crise du COVID-19. Le Tamil Nadu est l'un des États les plus touchés du sud de l'Inde. Une étude d’application auto-administrée en ligne utilisant le « WHO-Self Reported Questionnaire-20 », en version bilingue, en anglais et en tamoul, est utilisée pour dépister le niveau de détresse. L'étude est effectuée alors que l'État est sous confinement prolongé et mouvements restreints. Sur les 918 répondants qui ont participé à l'enquête, on constate qu'environ plus d'un tiers des répondants (∼ 35%) sont en détresse psychologique. Les plus jeunes, les femmes, les célibataires, les personnes avec enfants se trouvent en situation de détresse de façon significative. Le confinement a augmenté la fréquence du tabagisme et la quantité de cigarettes chez les fumeurs, a également augmenté la fréquence de consommation d'alcool chez les consommateurs d'alcool. Parmi les items SRQ-20 enregistrés, les symptômes névrotiques liés au stress (> 70%) ont été plus observés que l'humeur dépressive. Environ 33 % des sujets ayant obtenu un score supérieur à 7 avaient une tendance suicidaire. Les districts déclarés zone rouge avaient notablement signalé un plus grand nombre de répondants en détresse. En plus d'atténuer efficacement la pandémie du COVID-19, en termes de stratégies de prévention, de contrôle et de traitement, il est capital de gérer efficacement la peur, la détresse due au COVID-19, l'anxiété et la dépression associées et d'étendre le soutien psychosocial au public.
Phthalates are used as plasticizers in a wide range of products and are known to affect the human health adversely. Hence, the present study was carried out to identify and quantify the presence of four phthalates namely dimethyl phthalate (DMP), dibutyl phthalate (DBP), and diethyl phthalate (DEP), di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) in the two baby products i.e. baby oils and baby lotions. The daily exposure levels and hazard index of each phthalate were also calculated. It was an analytical study where two different brands of samples of baby oil and baby lotion each, from the date of manufacturing of 3, 10, and 20 months were collected. The extraction of phthalates from different samples was done and analyzed using HPTLC. Results showed the presence of all four phthalates, although some phthalates were not present in 3 M samples. The maximum concentration of all the phthalates was found in 20 M samples. Their concentration increased with the storage time indicating the possibility of leaching and migration of phthalates from the container into the product. The hazard indices for phthalates estimated for baby oil and baby lotion were found below 1, which denotes that the daily phthalate exposures are within the regulatory limits. It is important to consider that the exposure to phthalates can occur not only by dermal contact of these baby products but also through other routes. Hence, the study signifies the importance of phthalates concentration in such regularly used products.
OBJECTIVE: Malnutrition is a complex multitude issue. Global estimates found that malnutrition alone is responsible for the forty five percent of deaths among children under-five years of age which is otherwise preventable. India has started its war against malnutrition way back in 1970. The aim is to analyse: the trends on malnutrition indicators; statewise prevalence of malnutrition among under-five children; the under-five mortality rate in India; the socio-economicdemographic factors common to both malnutrition and U5MR and national nutritional policy in system and its challenges ahead. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Desk review and analysis National Family Health Survey1 to 5 and Combined national nutritional surveys, Sample registration survey – recent and review of the relevant journal articles and editorials. RESULTS: India is one of the worst affected countries of the World and is under 'Very High Category' for all the three major indicators of malnutrition: Stunting, wasting and under nutrition. Integrated Child Development Services, which developed as an experimental initiative in India, has evolved overtime imbibing Millennium development goals, Global nutritional policy, Sustainable development goals to address the overall complexity of malnutrition including immunization, maternal health, adolescent health, primary health care, best feeding practices, sanitation and hygiene practices. Yet, India ranks One hundredth and two rank out of one hundred seventeen countries as per the Global Hunger Index report, 2019. CONCLUSION: A more concerted and intersectoral collaborative actions, a real time monitoring, independent reviewing and progressive efforts would only help India's National nutrition mission to achieve its goal 'Kuposhan Mukt Bharat', malnutrition free India by 2025.
Background: Skin lesions are the most common early symptoms of leprosy, often ignored by patients at an early stage and misdiagnosed as other dermatological diseases by healthcare personnel, leading to delay in diagnosis and treatment of leprosy precipitating permanent neurological deficit, deformities and serious disabilities. Aims: The objective is to evaluate the duration of delay and factors responsible for the delay in reporting of patients, among the newly detected leprosy cases (Grade 1 and Grade 2 disability patients). Methods: A case-control study was conducted during 2014–2016 in three major states of India (Delhi, Gujarat and West Bengal) in 140 randomly recruited newly registered adult leprosy patients (aged 18 years and above) with Grade 2/1 disabilities (cases) and 140 Grade 0 disability patients (controls) in each of these Indian states. Results: It is established that the major contributors for the delay in the early diagnosis of leprosy have been patient-related factors. The median patient delay in the three states of Delhi, Gujarat and West Bengal were five months (0.7–1.8), 2.8 months (2–14) and 12 months (2–24), respectively. Limitations: The study design is case-control and has an inbuilt reporting bias due to the retrospective nature of data collection but the data collection was carried with caution to reduce the recall bias. As the study is carried out in three states, generalisation of interpretation was cautiously executed. The matching ratio of cases and controls was 1:1 in this study, but we could not increase the controls due to operational feasibility during the conduct of the study. Conclusion: Patient delay is a crucial factor responsible for the disability among new leprosy cases. A higher patient delay in these three states reflects that the community is not aware about the signs and symptoms of leprosy. Reducing patient delay is very important for reducing disabilities in the newly diagnosed cases.
Corona virus disease 2019, COVID-19, the ongoing pandemic had resulted in greater loss and had been challenging to the global health security and Health care system. With no curative medicines, repurposing of existing allopathic medicines was widely carried out. Besides Allopathy, traditional medicines and complimentary alternative system of medicines are also being tried and tested everywhere. Management of COVID-19 patients in India is being done according to the guidelines of the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR). Under its directives, the Ministry of AYUSH has recommended using Homeopathy drugs as Prophylactic medicines in the name of Immune boosters and also as a Therapeutic agent along with the existing standard of care in the Management of COVID-19 disease. During many previous epidemics Homeopathic medical system has registered its success in both treatment and preventive aspects, which has been recorded in various literatures. Adapting the principles of individualization in an epidemic situation, two major concepts - Genus epidemicus and Similimum through Repertorisation have proved to be viable in embracing homeopathic approach for Prophylactic and Therapeutic measures against COVID-19 respectively. We in this study have used Repertorisation to derive similar remedies for the clinical picture in each concept, to combat COVID-19.The results from the review and repertory have shown Arsenicum album and Phosphorus to have the most similarity with COVID-19 clinical picture of various stages as listed in the World health organisation (WHO) and Indian council of Medical Research (ICMR), based on the two concepts respectively. These remedies prove to have signicant effect as a prophylactic and therapeutic against the COVID-19 disease based on the Genus epidemicus concept, yet it needs scientic clinical trials for stronger and conclusive evidence which have been started and is being done by various homoeopathic hospitals across India
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