The landscape and its perception influence the quality of life of a local community. Recreation areas bring a lot of benefits to society, also in terms of mental health. Open space and contact with nature, particularly during a crisis such as the pandemic, help alleviate the effects of the lockdown and social isolation. The study objective was to determine whether and to what extent the COVID-19 pandemic influenced the importance of recreation areas and the perception of landscape among students—a social group that experiences mood disorders increasingly often and has been severely affected by the lockdown. A survey was conducted in two stages, using a Google Forms online survey. A total of 381 students from universities in Lublin participated in the survey. The survey showed that the significance of recreation areas increased during the pandemic. The perception of landscape changed as well: the value of nature, scenic views, and the therapeutic effect of the landscape began to be appreciated to a greater extent. The survey results indicate the need to ensure the diversity of green areas and improve their accessibility. Designing these areas should also consider quiet areas as well as ensuring green mobility and places of recreation.
As the level of development increases, spatial planning is becoming more significant among public management tools. Although the issue of spatial planning and its mechanisms has been repeatedly investigated in the literature, the issue of clashing of interests of different actors remains to be examined. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare the enforcement mechanisms of the public interest in the spatial planning systems of Poland and Portugal. The analysis was based on a comparative analysis of the legal basis of the spatial planning systems of the countries. The research confirmed the hypothesis that even with some sociocultural and economic similarities, different countries do not have to create similar mechanisms for the realisation of the public interest in spatial planning processes. The specific solutions adopted in Poland and Portugal differ so much that the enforcement of the public interest proceeds with very few similarities. The integrated Portuguese planning system, with its hierarchical elements, facilitates the achievement of the objectives of public entities. On the other hand, the Polish system, with the dominant position of the municipality, pushes great possibilities of influencing the planning by land administrators, and the poor location of spatial planning in all public tasks makes it difficult, and sometimes even impossible, to achieve public goals in space.
Motives: The landscape is one of the key resources that not only reflects the society’s behaviour, but also affects the quality of life and well-being of citizens. Great care of landscape protection is visible in Portugal – a country with rich natural and cultural values. As a signatory of the European Landscape Convention, the country is obliged, among others, to integrate spatial planning with landscape issues. Aim: The aim of this paper is to indicate Portugal’s experience in implementing the European Landscape Convention in national legislation and public participation. Landscape protection is an important element of spatial planning at all levels there: national, regional and local. Results: The experience of Portugal may be an interesting example for Poland, where, although in particular voivodeships the implementation of a new instrument that is landscape audit is being carried out, there are no documents at the national level.
Streszczenie: Jednym z czynników hamujących rozwój lokalny jest degradacja -zarówno obszarów miejskich, jak i wiejskich. Odpowiedzią na narastające problemy przestrzeni jest rewitalizacja, której zadaniem -w świetle ustawy o rewitalizacji -jest wyprowadzenie obszaru zdegradowanego z sytuacji kryzysowej. Jest ona zadaniem własnym gminy wykonującej je za pomocą dostępnych instrumentów, z których jednym z najistotniejszych są instrumenty finansowe. Istnieje wiele źródeł finansowania niezwykle kosztownego procesu rewitalizacji, jednak do najpowszechniejszych należą środki publiczne. Ze względu na kompleksowość procesu rewitalizacji i mnogość uczestniczących w nim podmiotów, zarówno ze środowiska publicznego, jak i podmiotów prywatnych, autorki pragną zwrócić uwagę na możliwość i problematykę łączenia środków finansowych obu tych grup. Celem artykułu jest przybliżenie przedmiotu partnerstwa publiczno-prywatnego i jego znaczenia w procesie rewitalizacji, a także ukazanie płynących z niego korzyści i istniejących zagrożeń. Przez analizę wybranych harmonogramów rzeczowo-finansowych gminnych programów rewitalizacji wskazano odsetek i rodzaj inwestycji finansowanych na mocy partnerstwa.Słowa kluczowe: rewitalizacja, źródła finansowania rewitalizacji, partnerstwo publiczno--prywatne.Summary: One of the factors inhibiting local development is degradation -both in urban and rural areas. The answer to the growing problems of space is revitalization which task -in the light of the revitalization law -is to bring the degraded area from a crisis situation. Revitalization is one of the municipality's tasks that are executed by available instruments from which one of the most important are financial ones. There are many sources of funding -extremely cost-intensive -the revitalization's process but the most common are public funds. Due to the complexity of the revitalization's process and the multitude of actors involved in it, both from the public and private sectors, the authors would like to point out the possibility and the problem of linking the financial resources of both groups. The aim of the article is to approximate the subject matter of the public-private partnership and its importance in the revitalization's process as well as to show the benefits and the existing threats of the
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