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Introduction: To provide an overview of drug use in palliative care worldwide and to identify the most commonly used medicines in palliative care settings. Methods: Quasi-systematic review. Search strategy: Medline/PubMed, Embase, SCOPUS and Google Scholar were searched utilizing the selected MeSH terms: palliative care, hospice, drug utilization, and prescription patterns. Results: Overall, it is apparent that there is a significant lack of published literature outlining drug usage in palliative care settings. Twelve sources of information were reviewed from 9 different countries

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Objectives. Post exercise proteinuria (PEP) is found in about 20-40% of sportsmen after intensive exercise. Urinary NGAL is a new marker of tubulointerstitial kidney damage. The relationship between PEP and uNGAL has not been defined yet. In presented study a resting uNGAL as a predictor of PEP was analyzed. The changes of albuminuria after exercise were monitored to estimate a frequency and range of PEP. Methods. 40 amateur healthy runners (mean age 36.65 ±10.61 years) participating in 10-km run took part in the study. Before and after the competition urine was collected. NGAL, albumin and creatinine were subsequently measured in urine. uNGAL to creatinine ratio (NCR) and albumin to creatinine ratio (ACR) were calculated. Results. 28 participants (mean age 37.9 ±11.46, 19 M, 9 F) with uNGAL below 15 ng/ml before competition were analyzed. The increase of ACR was observed in every case. Mean post-exercise ACR was 104.55 ±123.1 mg/g and was significantly higher than pre-exercise ACR 6.33 ±5.86 mg/g (p < 0.0005). The positive correlation was found between resting NCR and post-exercise ACR (r = 0.60, p < 0.05). Conclusions. Resting uNGAL positively correlated with PEP. The possible explanation of these findings is that persons with PEP had some early, occult tubulointersitial kidney damage. It is speculated that those runners have higher risk of chronic kidney disease.

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Proper nutrition in palliative care is essential to achieve a good quality of life of patients and better treatment results. The diet should include the proper amount of calories and nutrients such as proteins, omega 3 fatty acids, dietary fibre, vitamin D and vitamin C. The meals must be balanced, tasty, diverse and appetizing. In this paper, an example of one-day diet for adult palliative care patients is proposed.