Polish version of the CESD-R appears to have reliability values (over 0.7) high enough to be applicable to assess depression in population-based samples. Usefulness of the CESD-R in an individual diagnosis needs further research. However, general analysis of the scale enables to expect the usefulness in at least introductory diagnosis in clinical practice.

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Cel pracyCelem przeprowadzonego badania była adaptacja i weryfikacja psychometrycznych właściwości polskiej wersji Kwestionariusza Codziennych Doświadczeń Heteroseksizmu (Daily Heterosexist Experiences Questionnaire - DHEQ) stworzonego przez amerykański zespół pracujący pod kierunkiem Kimberly Balsam (2013). Zastosowany kwestionariusz w oryginalny sposób ujmuje przejawy uprzedzeń i dyskryminacji w codziennym funkcjonowaniu osób LGBT (lesbijek, gejów, osób biseksualnych i transpłciowych).MetodaW badaniu internetowym zgromadzono dane pochodzące od 197 osób LGBT. Średni wiek uczestników badania wyniósł 31 lat (M = 31,93; SD = 8,37). Blisko 17% (N = 33) osób określiło się jako transpłciowe, nieco ponad 19% (N = 38) jako nieheteroseksualne kobiety, podczas gdy pozostali uczestnicy (N = 127; 64%) opisali się jako homoseksualni, biseksualni lub panseksualni mężczyźni.WynikiNajwyższe średnie wyniki uzyskano w obrębie czynnika Zastępczej traumy, co sugeruje, że dowiadywanie się o przemocy i dyskryminacji dotykającej inne osoby LGBT jest ważnym stresorem w życiu osób LGBT. Innymi kluczowymi przejawami heteroseksizmu okazały się czynniki Wyobcowania oraz Czujności, które opisują uczucia samotności oraz wysiłek wkładany w ukrywanie tożsamości LGBT. Z wszystkich grup osoby transpłciowe okazały się w największym stopniu eksponowane na przejawy heteroseksizmu.WnioskiPolska adaptacja kwastionariusza DHEQ charakteryzuje się dobrymi właściwościami psychometrycznymi. Większość czynników kwestionariusza znajduje zastosowanie na gruncie polskim.

Bear subculture exists within a larger gay community, which has been recognized by public health experts as disproportionately burdened with stigma and related health adversities. Bears are distinguished by a particular body look—body hirsuteness and heavy-set physique. Previous research documented the various health risks, and the exposure to both sexual minority and weight stigma, of this population. In this study we focused on the determinants of self-esteem in Bears. We explored the significance of such predictors as: perceived sexual minority and weight stigma, age, resilience, and physique as reflected by the BMI. Our sample consisted of 60 men from the Polish Bear community (i.e., Bears, Cubs, Otters, Wolves). Linear regression models were performed for the entire sample (N = 60) and for Bear-identified men (N = 31). Perceived sexual minority stigma negatively, and resilience positively, predicted self-esteem. In the case of Bear-identified men, age, perceived exposure to weight discrimination, and BMI were also significant predictors of self-esteem. Higher BMI in the case of Bear-identified men predicted higher self-esteem. Our results suggest that although Bear-identified men are characterized by their similarities to other gay men, subcultural identities create unique social contexts that are important for health and health interventions in this population.

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The study assessed the relationship between prior diagnosis of diabetes and its control with depression score, differences in socioeconomic, lifestyle, health characteristics and diabetes control by adherence to treatment in population-based sample of older individuals. Patients and Methods:The analysis of the sub-sample of Polish cohort of the HAPIEE (Health, Alcohol, and Psychosocial Factors in Eastern Europe) study was conducted; 464 participants were interviewed and random first 360 (78%) underwent physical examination and blood sample tests. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale. The robust regression method was applied to assess the association between depression score and diabetes diagnosis as well as diabetes control. Results: There were 97 participants (21.0%) at mean age of 73.6 years (SD=6.31 years) with prior diagnosis of diabetes. Mean HbA1c concentration was 6.65% (SD=1.0) The majority of patients (55.7%) used oral medication with diet. Nearly 20% declared the use of oral treatment alone, and 10.3% used combined treatment of oral medications, insulin, and diet. In this study, 86.6% of the participants with diabetes confirmed self-monitoring of blood glucose levels and 58.8% were on high-quality diet. No differences in socioeconomic, lifestyle, health characteristics or control of diabetes by adherence to diabetes treatment were found. After adjustment for age and gender, diagnosis of diabetes was associated with greater depressive score by about 2 points (β=2.02, 95% CI=0.16;3.88). However, no significant association between depression score and any indicator of diabetes control was found. Conclusion:In older individuals with diabetes, depression score was higher compared to those without diabetes, but it was not related to poorer diabetes control. No differences in socioeconomic, lifestyle, health characteristics and control of diabetes by adherence to diabetes treatment may suggest that in this age group some other, less known factors are substantial for achievement of treatment targets.