and Sosnowica. The present paper uses the data from the surveys conducted in these communes in 2016. On average, 88% of the population used the water supply system in the communes surveyed, while 48% of the inhabitants were connected to a sewerage system. Parczew District had 12 collective mechanical and biological wastewater treatment plants with a capacity exceeding 5 m 3 /d. The households which were not connected to the sewerage network discharged the wastewater mainly to non-return tanks. In the communes surveyed, 1,115 households had domestic wastewater treatment plants. All of them were systems with infiltration drainage, which do not ensure high efficiency of removing pollutions and may even contribute to the degradation of the groundwater quality. In order to solve the existing problems of sewage and water management in the communes of Parczew District, it is necessary to further develop the collective sewerage systems and equip the areas which have a dispersed development layout with highly efficient domestic treatment plants, such as constructed wetlands.
The aim of the research was to determine, the interdependence between COD and such parameters as: BOD 5 , TN and TP in raw wastewater and in mechanically treated wastewater using statistical methods, which would allow estimating the values of these parameters based on COD. Moreover, the aim of the study was to determine the susceptibility of wastewater before and after mechanical treatment to decomposition of organic and biogenic pollutants. The research was conducted from 2006 to 2015 in a collective wastewater treatment plant in Nowy Sącz. During the research period, 120 samples of raw and mechanically treated wastewater were collected and analyzed once a month. In the analytical part of the research, the quality of sewage was characterized, the strength of correlation of the examined indicators was determined and the susceptibility of sewage to biological decomposition was assessed. On the basis of the analysis it was found that knowing the value of the COD parameter it is possible to determine the values of the other indicators, i.e. BOD 5 , TN and TP. Moreover, it was shown that wastewater is largely susceptible to the biological decomposition of pollutants, and during the period when the inflow of sewage with reduced susceptibility occurs, the wastewater with high content of organic carbon should be dosed.
The aim of this paper was to present the current state and the need for development of the sanitary infrastructure in the communes of the Bialski District located in the Lublin Voivodeship. The Bialski District encompasses 2 urban communes: Miedzyrzec Podlaski and Terespol and 17 rural communes:
The aim of the study was to assess the concentration of salinity indicators in the Bystrzyca River in the city of Lublin, located in southeastern Poland. The studies on the quality of water from the river were carried out from November 2018 to June 2019, i.e. in winter and spring. The water samples for analysis were taken from 9 measurement points located on the river under bridges and at high traffic roads. In total, 8 series of analyses were carried out, during which 72 water samples from the Bystrzyca River were examined. The samples were analyzed in terms of: water temperature, pH value, conductivity as well as concentration of chlorides and sulfates. An increase in both the specific conductivity and chloride and sulfate concentrations was found in the water from the Bystrzyca River during the period of low air temperatures (≤0 o C), i.e. in December 2018 and January 2019. This may be a result of winter road maintenance procedures, i.e. by using salts for their defrosting. At the same time, an increase in the conductivity value and the concentration of chlorides and sulfates was observed with the course of the river, which indicates that the pollution generated in the city of Lublin has a negative impact on the water quality in the studied river. The salinity of the Bystrzyca River was greatly affected by the operation of the municipal wastewater treatment plant in Hajdów, especially by the use of coagulants: polyglycol chloride (PAX 18) and iron sulfate (PIX 113).
The aim of this paper was to present the current state and the need for development of the sanitary infrastructure in the communes of the Ryki District located in the Lublin Voivodeship. The Ryki District encompasses 1 urban Commune -Dęblin, 1 urban-rural Commune -Ryki and 4 rural communes: Kłoczew, Nowodwór, Stężyca and Ułęż. The paper is based on the data from the surveys conducted in all the afore-mentioned communes in 2016. In the whole district on average 71.3% of the population used the water supply network, while 42% of the inhabitants were able to discharge wastewater to the sewage system. Within the area of the Ryki District, 5 collective wastewater treatment plants with a capacity exceeding 5 m 3 /d functioned in 2016. The households which were not connected to the sewage network discharged wastewater mainly to non-return tanks. About 440 household sewage treatment plants were found in the surveyed communes. The overwhelming majority of such small objects in the discussed district were activated sludge systems (92%). The research carried out in 2016 proved a strong need to develop the current state of the sanitary infrastructure in the Ryki District. A particular emphasis should be placed on the wastewater management by connecting the inhabitants of urban areas to a joint sewage disposal system. Ecological awareness must be raised so as to encourage people to invest in household wastewater treatment plants, which should be used in the areas with scattered development.
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