This work aims to make apparent the importance of family, throughout the life trajectories of a group of young people whose very juridical designation-unaccompanied foreign minors-seems to preclude the possibility of recognising and appreciating such importance. Here, we present the results of an ethnographic and participatory research with 'unaccompanied' foreign minors in Bizkaia (Spain). By using our chosen methodology, we were able to understand how, with their currently transitory lifestyles as children in care, they fulfil their own social, emotional and identity needs, needs that the Social Care System alone is unable to meet. This study also shows how digital media cross all the social relations of these children. Digital media become an essential methodological tool for studying the daily life of young migrants.
The aim of this article is to engage with unaccompanied migrant Maghrebi boys' styles of physical self-presentation, "looks," and hairstyles as a source of knowledge on the construction of masculinities. In order to observe such bodily expressive practices, we used general ethnographic methodology and, in particular, a workshop built around different artistic techniques. Since masculinity is inextricably defined in relation to specific agents and contexts, insights into unaccompanied migrant teenagers' enactments of masculinity are dependent on (1) the collective imagination lying behind such "looks" and bodily images, (2) the discomfort and tensions created in the institutional communities in which these minors live-especially among social workers, and (3) the dialogue and relationships that emerge between the aesthetic and bodily expressions of these young migrants' own culture and those of the other cultural groups that coexist, in our case, in a European city.
In this article, we explore the day-to-day importance of digital media, specifically the use of mobile phones in the lives of migrant minors—also known as unaccompanied foreign minors—in juvenile residential centres. For this study, we employed a general ethnographic methodology and, in particular, a workshop based on different artistic techniques that encouraged the young people involved to become active participants, committed from the start in the generation of the material to be used for the analysis of their daily practices. This approach emerged from the recognition of the importance for these young people to feel included and connected. Migrant adolescents take refuge in their mobile devices to participate in the youth microculture, both locally and globally. In addition, they are able to access different social networks that allow them to play out the personas they wish to adopt. Finally, we recognise the importance of digital media in allowing them to maintain close and affective relationships with their relatives, fellow citizens, and communities in their country of origin.
INTRODUCCIÓN. Está constatado a nivel internacional y en España que la infancia de entornos familiares "vulnerables" participa menos en una educación y atención a la primera infancia (EAPI) de calidad. El objetivo del artículo es examinar las barreras a las que se enfrentan las familias en riesgo social o en situación de pobreza para la matriculación de sus hijos de 0 a 3 años en el primer ciclo de EAPI en diferentes comunidades autónomas de España. MÉTODO. Estudio de corte cualitativo en 2019 en cinco localidades/áreas metropolitanas: Madrid, Valencia, Barcelona, País Vasco y Sevilla. Se han realizado entrevistas semiestructuradas con 35 familias y grupos de discusión o entrevistas grupales con 40 técnicos-informantes clave. Los datos recogidos han sido transcritos y analizados dentro de una lógica analítica cualitativa-inductiva, en particular siguiendo el análisis temático pautado por Braun y Clarke (2012, 2021). RESULTADOS. Se identifican una amplia gama de factores que impiden el acceso a la EAPI 0-3 en España, incluyendo las organizativas-burocráticas, ideológicas, financieras y las que están relacionados con la movilidad familiar y otras vinculadas al sistema de protección infantil. Además, cada una de estas barreras cobra importancia de manera específica en relación con el nivel socioeconómico de las familias. DISCUSIÓN. Nuestros resultados comparten con otras investigaciones la organización de barreras en diferentes categorías pero, a su vez, nuestro análisis sugiere una relación más compleja entre estos elementos que depende, al menos, de las circunstancias socio-económicas de las familias.
Aquellos que trabajamos con poblaciones vulnerables, como los migrantes adolescentes, entendemos que los métodos clásicos de investigación adolecen de ciertos cuidados y prevenciones éticas. Con la intención de contribuir al avance de los métodos de investigación en las ciencias sociales a la hora de trabajar con jóvenes migrantes, presentamos los talleres artísticos como dispositivos metodológicos especialmente útiles para aproximarse a dichas poblaciones. Con esa meta, partimos de un taller construido a partir de distintas técnicas artísticas, cuyos productos fueron un documental de 17 minutos y una cartografía imaginaria de Bilbao y Tánger, que nos permiten reflexionar sobre el alcance y los retos de nuevos enfoques de investigación.
It is acknowledged that fewer children from families at social risk and/or socio-economic disadvantage participate in Early Childhood Education and Care (ECEC) across Europe. The article examines who among these families has special difficulties in accessing the first cycle of ECEC for infants 0–3 years of age (0–3 ECEC) in Spain. It presents a model that reveals diverse strategies taken by families in relation to 0–3 ECEC and a particular segment of families who are served ‘worst’ by the current system and whose access to 0–3 ECEC is especially hindered. In the analysis, we also highlight gender; gender appears as a fundamental dimension to understand the forms of participation (or non-participation) in 0–3 ECEC within families at risk of social exclusion. The article is based on a study in which we conducted 35 semi-structured interviews with families at social risk as well as group discussions with a total of 40 family and education professionals in five metropolitan areas of Spain.
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