Photoreactions of 3‐Methyl‐4‐phenylsydnone A procedure for the synthesis of 3‐methyl‐4‐phenylsydnone (1) is given. UV. irradiation of 1 in solution generates the nitrile‐imine 4 which reacts with activated C, C double bonds and with heterocumulenes to give five‐membered heterocycles. In contrast to the 2H‐azirines which photochemically react with the C, O double bond of phenylisocyanate, 4 adds to the C, N double bond of the latter.
The article contains sections titled: 1. Introduction 2. Primary Photophysical Processes 2.1. The Laws of Photochemistry 2.2. Quantum Yield 3. Performance of Photochemical Reactions 3.1. Photoreactor Design 3.2. Light Sources 3.3. Materials 3.4. Scale‐up and Scale‐down (Micro‐Photoreactors) 3.5. Economic Considerations 4. Light‐Induced Chain Reactions 4.1. Photohalogenation 4.2. Photosulfochlorination 4.3. Photosulfoxidation 4.4. Type I Photooxidation 4.5. Photopolymerization 5. Quasi‐Stoichiometric Photoreactions 5.1. Photonitrosation 5.2. Photosynthesis of Previtamin D 5.3. Photoreactions in Supercritical Fluids 6. Photosensitized Reactions 6.1. ( E/Z )‐Isomerization of Tachysterol 6.2. Type II Photooxidation 7. Selected Useful Photoreactions 7.1. Enamide Cyclization 7.2. Cyclobutane Formation 7.3. Oxetane Formation 7.4. Oxadi‐ π ‐Methane Rearrangement 7.5. 1,3‐Dipolar Cycloaddition 8. Environmental Applications 8.1. Advanced Oxidation Technologies (AOTs) 8.2. Photocatalysis 8.3. UV‐Disinfection
Irradiation of d59'-9a,10,%5teroids in solution with 1 = 253,7 nm yielded no &7-9/3. l0cr-steroids and vice versa. No back reaction from precaiciferol, t o ergosterol could be detected b y kinetic measurements. This lcads t o t h c conclusion t h a t with the mcrcury rcsonance linc only ring opcning and 6,7-cis/trans isomcrization but no ring closure occurs.
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