Leishmania RNA virus (LRV) has been shown to be a symbiotic
component of Leishmania parasites in South America. Nested
retro-transcription polymerase chain reaction was employed to investigate LRV1
presence in leishmaniasis lesions from Brazil. In endemic areas of Rio de
Janeiro (RJ), no LRV1 infection was observed even with mucosal involvement. LRV1
was only detected in Leishmania (V.) guyanensis cutaneous
lesions from the northern region, which were obtained from patients presenting
with disease reactivation after clinical cure of their primary lesions. Our
results indicated that the severity of leishmaniasis in some areas of RJ, where
Leishmania (V.) brazi-liensis is the primary etiological
agent, was not associated with Leishmania LRV1 infection.
HIV vertical transmission in Brazil was reduced to a level similar to other countries with the most effective prevention programs using a multidisciplinary team approach. A high level of compliance for use of anti-retroviral drugs, the provision of health education to mothers, and use of formula for all exposed infants.
Sporotrichosis is the most common subcutaneous mycosis in South America and its association with zoonotic transmission remains a relevant public health problem in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The disease most commonly presents as subacute or chronic cutaneous lesions, although dissemination to various organs and systems occurs in rare cases, mainly in immunosuppressed individuals. This report describes a case of sporotrichosis with severe bone and subcutaneous damage in an immunocompetent patient who did not exhibit the characteristic skin lesions of sporotrichosis, including ulcers, nodules, and lymphangitis.
The authors describe a case of paracoccidioidomycosis in a 7-year-old girl from the city of Rio de Janeiro who initially presented to her physician with a lesion in her calcaneous which was misdiagnosed and treated as bacterial osteomyelitis. Later, cutaneous manifestations, lymph node enlargement, and hepatosplenomegaly developed and biopsy of the skin and cervical lymph nodes showed the fungus which was also present in the sputum. It is emphasized that Paracoccidioides brasiliensis can be the cause of bone lesions in endemic areas of Latin America and that response to treatment with amphotercin B is good.
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