Nebacetin showed excellent in vitro antibacterial activity against both Gram-positive and -negative pathogens representing an effective candidate for vascular graft impregnation.
CHAs possess antibacterial activity despite long-term storage over 5 years. Antibiotic combinations applied during CHA processing have a significant influence on their infection resistance. Ascending aortic tissue shows a significantly enhanced bacterial resistance against staphylococcal bacteria compared with aortic valves.
Treatment with SD and DNase enables complete decellularisation of human valve containing veins whereas 3D matrix components such as collagen and elastin remain preserved. The lumen of the scaffold including the valves can be successfully re-seeded with a human EC monolayer in a 3D bioreactor. There is substantial evidence that hABS and not FCS is essential for the completion of cell-matrix contacts in human veins.
Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) represents a temporary life-saving therapy for respiratory or circulatory failure, but infections during ECMO support are a life-threatening complication. Surface-related infections of ECMO are mentioned, but rarely described in the literature. A universal rDNA polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test was used to investigate the potential microbiological colonization of membrane oxygenators (MOs) in 20 patients undergoing ECMO. The overall patient-based positivity by PCR was 45%. Gram-positive bacteria (71%) represented the most abundant microorganisms on MO surfaces, followed by Gram-negative bacteria (22%) and fungi (7%). The most frequently detected causative pathogens were staphylococci (58%). Bacterial mixed infections represented 56% of all infections. In four PCR-positive cases, the pathogens detected on the MO surfaces were also found by blood culture or by culture of specimens obtained from the infectious focus. In conclusion, hollow fiber membranes of MOs can be colonized by microorganisms and appear to be a potential source of bacterial and fungal infections in ECMO patients. These infections may pose an increased risk for clinical worsening. As a consequence, persistent septic complications have to be discussed as an indication for MO exchange. The initial results suggest that the applied PCR assay is a valuable tool to investigate MOs.
Compared with the two antiseptics and the other tested antibiotics, nebacetin showed the best ratio of efficacy to toxicity. Nebacetin showed good in vitro antibacterial activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogens without impairing human cell vitality. It is a safe and effective candidate for CIED impregnation.
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