The present research has been car ried out with purpose of the reviewing the relation between job burnout and defense mechanisms used by air staff of Islamic Republic of Iran. The main hypothesis of this research is the presence of a relation between job burnout and defense mechanisms. In order to test the above hypothesis 234 subjects (137 male and 97 female) of air staff of Islamic Republic of Iran were selected by an available sampling. The device of the research is defense method questionnaire (Andrews) and Jackson and Maslach's professional fatigue questionnaire. After collecting questionnaires, analysis was done by using descriptive statistical methods, Pearson's correlation, multivariable regression analysis and independent T test about the obtained data. The results of this research after analyzing the data were obtained in a way that the people with grown defense mechanism have less affective burnout and it was identified that the more grown defense mechanism, the more individual success and the less individual success, the defense mechanisms are not grown. This research also shows that the defense mechanisms are not grown, they have more depersonalization.
Studies on the psychology of terrorism and fundamentalism place great importance on the role of groups, with a central concept of “us” versus “them.” The present study examines how and why Salafi-jihadist groups in the Middle East have attracted typical citizens. The participants in this qualitative study were unremarkable Kurdish people living near the western borders of Iran with an allegiance toward Salafi-jihadist groups. We selected 12 people for the purposes of this study. Findings indicate that “group adaptation” and “rejection of the other” are the two overarching themes pointed out by the participants. Group adaptation included four sub-themes: (a) Idealization of, plus identification and assimilation with the leader, (b) developing strong group bonds, (c) direct and nonhierarchical agency of the individual in the group, and (d) group hypnotic suggestion. The “rejection of the other” included two sub-themes: (a) in-group rejection (reducing legitimate Islam to Salafism) and (b) out-group rejection (rejection of non-Muslims). The results of the study highlight the importance of a sense of belonging to the group in the process of recruitment and assimilation of individuals into jihadist groups. Findings also indicate that the concepts of adaptation and rejection play a pivotal role in the formation of fundamentalist Salafi-jihadist groups and resultant violence. We discuss the implications of group analysis for possible ways to counterterrorism.
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