Pediatric whole-body (WB) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is an established technique that, with improved accessibility and advances in technology, is being used with increasing frequency for a wide variety of applications. The advantages of WB MRI (over other imaging modalities), particularly its lack of ionizing radiation (of particular concern in pediatric imaging due to children's increased sensitivity to ionizing radiation) and the ability of MRI to image the bone marrow, solid organs, and soft tissues with superior soft-tissue contrast resolution to other techniques, promise that WB MRI has great potential in conditions that are diffuse or multifocal. There is particular interest in its role in the field of pediatric oncology (eg, lymphoma, neuroblastoma, sarcoma, and Langerhans cell histiocytosis). The main disadvantages of WB MRI are its relatively long scanning times, artifacts from motion (requiring patient cooperation or general anesthesia), and limited specificity. However, advances in hardware and imaging techniques, including additional sequences (out-of-phase imaging, diffusion-weighted imaging, and contrast enhancement) are reducing the impact of some of these challenges.
• SSDEs can be calculated for all patients, CT systems, and practices • Kilovoltage peak (kVp) has the greatest association with dose in similar-sized patients • Paediatric DRRs for CT are now available for use internationally.
The ileocaecal valve can cause concern when it is enlarged. We define the normal and abnormal appearances of the ileocaecal valve and illustrate the importance of using CT and endoscopy to make the correct diagnosis, avoiding any further unnecessary interventions.
This study highlights the increased radiation exposures involved with routine screening for DJF position in those patients without clinical suspicion of malrotation, and raises questions about the validity of this practice; however, further research is needed.
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