-This study provides the first evidence for plantinsect associations from fossil leaf impressions of the San José and Palo Pintado formations, dated as middle and upper Miocene age, from northwestern Argentina. The size, shape and arrangement of leaf damage on several plant hosts consists of various chew marks made by mandibulate insects occurring along the leaf blades of Malvaciphyllum quenquiadensis Anzótegui and Cristalli (Malvaceae), hole feeding along the leaf edge of Nectandra saltensis Anzótegui (Lauraceae), mines within the internal tissues of M. quenquiadensis, and oviposition scars in Cedrela sp. (Meliaceae). Based on specific, identifiable features of the plant damage, the likely producers responsible for this damage include external foliage feeders such as Orthoptera, Phasmoptera and Coleoptera; leaf miners from the Lepidoptera but possibly Hymenoptera and Diptera; and ovipositing insects representing the Odonata. Many of these insect groups were previously known from earlier Paleogene deposits of Argentina, and similar ovipositional damage has been documented from the early Eocene of Rio Negro and middle Eocene of Chubut in Patagonia, indicating geochronological continuity and occurrence in marsh and open woodland plant communities under warm and seasonal climatic conditions. No obstante, el análisis de las interacciones insecto-planta fósiles es un campo poco explorado en nivel mundial, debido a que es un tema relativamente nuevo en la Paleontología, el que recién comenzó a recibir más atención de parte de la comunidad científica en las últimas décadas del siglo pasado. Entre otros merecen citarse los aportes de Sharov (1966), Southwood (1973), Vialov (1975), Scott et al. (1985, 2004, Rozefelds & Sobbe (1985), Labandeira & Bell (1990), ), Smith (1994, Beck & Labandeira (1998), Howell et al. (1998), Wilf & Labandeira (1999, Gullan & Cranston (2000), Labandeira (2002Labandeira ( , 2007 Los registros paleontológicos demuestran que las interacciones insecto-planta se establecieron ya entre los primeros habitantes terrestres, sufriendo transformaciones adaptativas que derivaron en muchos casos en evolución conjunta. Estas relaciones se establecieron por la necesidad de nutrición, refugio y reproducción tanto de plantas como de los insectos.Se estima que actualmente la mitad de las especies de insectos presenta algún grado de dependencia con las plantas, siendo la alimentación (herbivoría) o procesos relacionados a ella, una de las principales relaciones conocidas, dado que los vegetales representan una fuente segura y accesible de alimento.
-Detailed descriptions are provided for specimens of a new genus and species of Mimosoideae and Swartzioxylon naraense Delteil-Desneux emended (Papilionoideae) from the Solimões Formation, Miocene, Acre Basin, Brazil. Anatomical characteristics of the woods show a resemblance with the extant genera Zygia P. Browne and Swartzia Schreb, respectively. These genera currently have a wide distribution in Brazil and throughout the Amazon region; their presence in the outcrops of the Solimões Formation supports the idea that these genera might have been important components and indicates their importance in the fossil record, both to establish its distribution and evolution from the past to present of Amazon fl ora.Key words: wood anatomy, Mimosoideae, Papilionoideae, Neogene.RESUMO -Descrições detalhadas são fornecidas para os espécimes de um novo gênero e espécie de Mimosoideae e Swartzioxylon naraense Delteil-Desneux emend. (Papilionoideae) da Formação Solimões, Mioceno, bacia do Acre, Brasil. Características anatômicas das madeiras mostram uma semelhança com os gêneros viventes Zygia P. Browne e Swartzia Schreb, respectivamente. Esses gêneros têm atualmente uma ampla distribuição no Brasil e em toda a região amazônica, sua presença nos afl oramentos da Formação Solimões suporta a ideia de que poderiam ter sido importantes componentes e indica a sua importância no registro fóssil, tanto para estabelecer sua distribuição e evolução do passado ao presente da fl ora amazônica.Palavras-chave: anatomia da madeira, Mimosoideae, Papilionoideae, Neógeno.
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