Background and objectives: Brucellosis is an acute or chronic illness manifested principally by chills and fever. Occasionally, chronic relapsing febrile episodes occur. Brucellosis is endemic in animal and humans are infected incidentally. The aim of the study was to examine the incidence of brucellosis in Erbil City, study the relation between the rate of infection and a number of predisposing factors. Methods: Blood samples were collected from (2085) patients suspected of having brucellosis attending, Erbil Teaching Hospitals and Rizgary. The sera were examined using Rose Bengal test. Results: Serum samples from patients showed (10.7%) of positive reaction indicating the presence of anti-brucella antibodies. Seropositivity of brucellosis in female (12.48%) was significantly higher than male (8.02%), and in rural area was (40.98%) and in urban area was (9.44%). The highest seropositivity of brucellosis occurred among age group (21-30) years. The infection rate with B. miletensis and Brucella abortus was (71.75%) and (28.25%) respectively. The highest seropositivity occurred among individuals who were in contact with animals (37.34%), and in occupations was the highest among the farmers and dairy workers (37.5% and 37.28%) respectively. In Monthly distribution showed the highest sero-positivity occurred in October (12.72%). Conclusion: Sero-posivity of brucellosis in Erbil City is somehow similar to the neighboring countries. There are variations in the incidence of brucellosis in relation to sex, age, area, occupation, source of infection and seasons.
Background: Children with leukemia may experience physical, psychological, cognitive and neuropsychological effects. The caregiver is the main provider of physical and emotional support for the patient. Objectives: The aim of the study was to assess caregivers' home care management regarding their adolescent leukemic patient and association with their socio-demographic characteristic. Methodology: A descriptive study was carried out in Nanakali Hospital for Blood Disease in Erbil city in 1st /Nov. 2010 to 1st /Feb. /2011. Eighty caregivers face to face interviewed for assessing their knowledge and practices regarding their adolescent leukemic patients were selected. Results: The study shows the majority of caregiver had deficit knowledge regarding cause of leukemia and nutrition to reduce fatigue for adolescent leukemic, and shows the majority of caregivers had poor practices regarding preparing meals and snakes, with poor practice regarding oral hygiene. And the study shows there were a significant association between caregivers' knowledge and: level of education, residency areas, and highly significant association between caregivers' knowledge and practice with their socio-economic status. Conclusion: This study shows that the caregivers who are having adolescent leukemia patients had deficit in knowledge and low practices regarding home care management. Recommendations: The study recommended providing information and guidance to caregivers through health educational intervention regarding home care management for leukemia.
Objective: The study aimed to assess the impact of congenital heart disease upon children's physical growth pattern with some variables in Surgical Specialty Hospital/ Cardiac Center in Erbil/Kurdistan Region/Iraq. Methodology: A descriptive correlation study was conducted in Surgical Specialty Hospital/ Cardiac Center in Erbil/Kurdistan Region/Iraq in first of March 2010 to the end of September 2011. A purposive sample of (200) children with congenital heart disease were selected. The tool is consisting of three parts questionnaire format Socio-demographical characteristic, medical data of children, and tool and physical growth measurement questions. The validity of the study questionnaire was determined initially through a panel of (21) experts. Determination. Data were collected by the mothers' interview and the data were analyzed through using by Excel and SPSS version 17 programmed. Results: The present study indicated that the most of children (51.5%) were male, (59%) were coming of urban areas, (39%) were living in Hawler Governorate, (51.5%) were of low socioeconomic status, and (51.5%) was diagnosis before three years. The findings of the study indicate that the Congenital Heart Disease had been affect growth pattern and there is a statistically significant association between socio-demographic characteristics (age, gender, residential area, and severity of disease) and their growth pattern. Conclusion: The study indicated that there is a high significant association between the children socio demographic data and growth pattern. Recommendation: 1- Mass media, TV and radio, lectures in different community associations or in health centers regarding risk factor, prevention of CHD. 2- Nurses should have special training to give effective care to the children. 3- Further studies are necessary to be conducted with large sample size to improve the intervention the disease .
Background: Thalassemia is one of the most common genetic blood disorders in the world. Growth impairment is a common observable complication and usually found a growth retardation in those patients. Objectives: The study aimed to identify the Physical growth pattern of Thalassemic (case group) with healthy school (control group) children and adolescents in Erbil city. Methodology: A study was carried out at Hawler Thalassemia Center in Erbil City during the period of 1/ 2/ 2012 to 30/ 9/ 2012. Fifty Thalassemic children (case group) from Hawler Thalassemia Center in Erbil City and two hundred healthy school (control group) children and adolescents were selected. A questionnaire was designed that composed of two parts to deal with physical growth pattern the data were collected by searchers to interviewed the participants in Hawler Thalassemic Center and secondary schools, for children and adolescents in Erbil city and the data were the analysis by using the (SPSS, 17 ), Results: The results found that the range of age in the study sample was between 8-11 years old, which present in healthy school children and adolescents (control group) (46.5%), while in Thalassemic children (study group) was (52.0%), the highest percentage of gender in both groups were male ( 65.5% , 58.0%) respectively revealed that there was significant differences in comparative physical growth pattern between Thalassemic and healthy children and adolescents. Conclusion: The study conclude that Thalassemic children (Case group) regarding the age they have high mean score than control group (healthy child) in (sitting and standing) height, weight and nutritional status as BMI in all age groups. Recommendation: The study recommended that Thalassemia was a important health problem in pediatric and plans need to set up to reduce the number of cases born by development of population screening programmer and awareness creating
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