The incorporation of E-learning in both private and public tertiary education can help expedite the learning process. The utilization of fast-paced technology with E-learning also allows for a more flexible and convenient learning process. E-learning platforms can be accessed anywhere as long as there is an internet connection, including at home, the workplace, restaurants or while travelling. This allows for the benefit of distance learning. As such, the current study aims to examine the factor effectiveness of E-learning based on three variables, namely technology, instructors’ characteristics and students’ characteristics and their impact on distance learning. The education system has greatly evolved from the use of apparatus such as chalk and blackboards to the modern use of projectors to conduct lessons. In the current age, E-learning will have an effect on both instructors and teaching technology, aside from the students themselves. As an example, students are expected to know how to utilize these systems in their lessons, instructors must receive training in E-learning systems management and in terms of technology, the E-learning systems must be updated and operated using the most recent upgrades. E-learning is also cost-efficient, less time consuming and reduces the burden on both students and educators.

The New Public Management allows us to reflect upon whether intellectual capital helps public sector organisations meet their performance benchmarks. Sustainable economic performance gains importance from the public sector’s service ideal. Although there have been empirical endeavours using intellectual capital as operational variables, this study examines the theoretically informed relationship between the intellectual capital construct and its construct dimensions and the sustainable economic performance construct and its construct dimensions. The decision-making inputs of senior officials in the Malaysian public sector are vital for evaluating the relationship, as these officials are the individual strategists of the collective organisational strategy. The study conducted a survey that received 1092 usable responses and analysed them using the structural equation modelling research method. The findings showed a robust theoretical relationship between intellectual capital and sustainable economic performance. Furthermore, the study identified intellectual capital items that play a vital role in supporting public sector sustainable economic performance in Malaysia under New Public Management. The findings provide useful knowledge for public sector officials and policymakers, and for further research.

Customer satisfaction has been well documented and discussed on its connection to organizational performance. Although many researchers have studied both issues, there are still lack of studies that focus on customer satisfaction and service quality from the Islamic perspective and in connection with public transportation services. Therefore, this was a preliminary study to examine customer satisfaction from the Islamic perspective in public transportation services. SERVQUAL was used to measure service quality. About 200 survey questionnaires had been distributed using convenience sampling in Terengganu. Data were analyzed using i) method of importance, ii) performance of quality analysis, and analysis gap between experiences and expectations. From the analyses, respondents had given a variety of responses on the levels of customer satisfaction. This study had emphasized on customer satisfaction in public services and the importance of implementing continuous improvements on service quality.

This study empirically investigated bootstrap bias estimation in the area of structural equation modeling (SEM). Three correctly specified SEM models were used under four different sample size conditions. Monte Carlo experiments were carried out to generate the criteria against which bootstrap bias estimation should be judged. For SEM fit indices, bias estimates from the bootstrap and Monte Carlo experiments were quite comparable in most cases. It is noted that bias was constrained in one direction in the Monte Carlo experiments because of the perfect fit of the true SEM models. For the SEM loadings and coefficients, the difference between bootstrap and Monte Carlo bias estimations was very small, and the distributions of the bias estimators from "the two experiments were quite similar. For the SEM variances/covariances, the comparison of the bias estimator distributions from the two experiments indicated that bootstrap bias estimation could be considered adequate. Because the study involved three SEM models which served as an internal replication mechanism, the likelihood of chance discovery for the findings was small, and the findings should have reasonable generalizability. Future studies may extend the current findings by examining misspecified SEM models. Data nonnormality may be another dimension to be considered in future investigations. (Contains 6 figures, 4 tables, and 40 references.) (Author)

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