<p>Com a crescente demanda populacional da cidade universitária, aumentam-se os despejos de efluentes líquidos nos corpos hídricos fazendo-se necessário um tratamento eficaz, a fim de remover a carga orgânica poluidora antes de serem descartados. Nesse trabalho, objetivou-se apresentar um sistema de tratamento de efluentes para Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, <em>Campus </em>de Pombal localizado no estado da Paraíba. No desenvolvimento do estudo foram realizadas as seguintes etapas: caracterização detalhada do <em>campus </em>Pombal/UFCG, situação atual do esgotamento sanitário dentro do Campus de Pombal, diagnóstico dos possíveis impactos ambientais decorrentes do atual sistema de tratamento de esgoto, medidas mitigadoras e por fim apresentado um sistema de tratamento que melhor se adeque as condições do local em estudo. Na metodologia foram necessárias visitas <em>in loco</em>, entrevistas informais a estudantes e funcionários, fotodocumentação do local de estudo e pesquisas bibliográficas. A partir dos resultados observou-se que o sistema de tratamento utilizado no campus apresenta falhas, sendo necessária a substituição de tal procedimento de tratamento. O sistema proposto foi por meio do processo anaeróbio com reator UASB seguido por Lodo Ativado Convencional, com escolha a partir do fato de ser um sistema compacto, não necessitando de grandes áreas para implantação, assim como também um sistema de baixo custo operacional e apresentar baixo tempo de detenção hidráulico.</p><p><strong><em>Effluent Treatment System for campus of the Federal University of Campina Grande in Pombal Cit </em></strong></p><pre><strong>Abstract: </strong>With the growing population demand of the university town, the liquid effluent discharges are increased in water bodies making it necessary effective treatment, to remove the polluting organic load before being discarded. In this study aimed to present an effluent treatment system to Federal University of Campina Grande, Campus de Pombal located in the state of Paraiba. the following steps in the development of the study were carried out: detailed characterization of Pombal / UFCG campus, current situation of sanitation within the Campus de Pombal, diagnosis of the possible environmental impacts of the current sewage treatment system, mitigation measures and finally submitted an treatment system that best suits local conditions under study. The methodology were necessary on-site visits, informal interviews with students and staff, photo documentation of the place of study and literature searches. From the results it was observed that the treatment system used in the campus has flaws, necessitating the replacement of such a treatment procedure. The proposed system was through the anaerobic process with UASB followed by Activated Sludge Conventional, with choice from being a compact system and does not require large areas for deployment, as well as a low operational cost and have low hydraulic retention time. </pre>
Water scarcity is a growing problem and is already affecting the entire planet, which is worsening in semi-arid regions. Thus the main objective of this research was to verify the water consumption situation and the perception of the settlers regarding the water issue in the Santa Mônica settlement, located in the rural area of the municipality of Pombal, in the upper Sertão of Paraíba. As a result it was possible to identify that, despite the good housing with which they were contemplated, there is no type of education and health structure, and no water source within the settlement. Residents are mostly fueled by caravans and do not trust the quality of this water, but do not take care to treat it before consuming. Its average daily consumption is approximately 70 to 93 liters per person, which indicates consumption below what is suggested by the UN, in order to meet the basic needs of an individual. This situation becomes even more worrying, when analyzed the fact that these people are unable to carry out their main activities, which are agriculture and animal husbandry, since they are totally dependent on water.
The present work aims to assess the effect of water stress on the reflectance emitted by leaves of Eucalyptus saligna individuals. The design was completely randomized and the study comprised 30 subjects who underwent 5 cycles of drought simulation, 45 days each. Five individuals were submitted to water deficit treatment and five were used as controls, remaining in adequate water conditions. The experiment and data collection were performed in the external facilities of the forest management laboratory of the Federal University of Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Which it comprised the period from September 2014 to April 2015. Spectral information was collected from 24-month-old tree individuals in adequate water and water stress situations by means of FieldSpec®3 spectroradiometer. Subsequently, the spectral data for the electromagnetic spectrum range from 400 nm to 1700 nm were processed and analyzed. The resulting spectral behavior varied between water stress cycles. In the 450 nm wavelength range, the reflectances ranged from 3.8% to 7.4%, at 550 nm from 7.9% to 14% and at 650 nm from 4.8% to 8.8%. In the near infrared region, in the 900 nm to 1300 nm range, the reflectances ranged from 28% to 62%. The spectral response of E. saligna showed minimal differences when compared to healthy green vegetation, even though it was exposed to water deficit situations. From the information obtained, this research can be used as a parameter for comparative analysis between species belonging to the genus Eucalyptus sp.
Island environments have specific biotic and abiotic characteristics, as fragility, limitation of natural resources, geographic isolation, and fragmentation are determining factors that directly affect these areas. Thus, it is relevant to understand the natural evolution of the landscape in the islands, considering the anthropic actions and climate changes in the transformation of vegetation cover, as a means of time series and study of satellite images. This paper aims to analyze the dynamics of the landscape (changes in vegetation cover) of the Fernando de Noronha Archipelago concerning urban development, and other anthropic activities that occurred between 1999 and 2018, through remote sensing images, to establish comparisons with the Island Management Plans that were elaborated in the years of 2005 and 2017. Also, this study intends to raise elements to assist in the spatial management of the Archipelago and to establish Public Conservation Policies for Fernando de Noronha and other island areas. Images from Landsat 7 and Landsat 8 were obtained for scenes from 1999 and 2017, respectively. These images were preprocessed and analyzed in Quantum GIS 2.18 software. And applied the NDVI calculation. It was also used the database found in the sustainable management plan of the archipelago provided by the state government of Pernambuco. With these data, it was possible to diagnose a vegetative growth on the island of about 45.36% in 17 years corroborating with the changes found in the data coming from the island's management plan. However, there are no changes in the phytosociological diversity of the island, this cause is pointed out to the invading and ruderals species of the island that are established and propagate.
A grande urbanização e o crescimento significativo da população mundial têm levado a um aumento considerável na geração de resíduos sólidos urbanos (RSU). A destinação final desses materiais é motivo de preocupação por parte da comunidade internacional, principalmente por seu potencial de degradação ambiental. Nesse sentido, visto a carência de estudos quanto à geração de RSU e aplicação de indicadores de sustentabilidade na geração desses materiais em pequenos municípios brasileiros, o presente trabalho objetivou avaliar a aplicação da Pegada Ecológica (PE) para os RSU gerados no município de Poço das Trincheiras, Alagoas. Os dados relativos à geração e gravimetria foram obtidos através do Plano Estadual de Resíduos Sólidos do Estado de Alagoas. Foram quantificados a PE per capita e total, bem como a biocapacidade e saldo ecológico da área de estudo. Observou-se uma taxa de geração de RSU per capita em Poço das Trincheiras da ordem de 0,57 quilogramas/dia, totalizando uma produção anual de 496,4 toneladas, com predominância de material orgânico. A PE per capita dos RSU ficou em 0,1159 gha, já a PE total foi de 276,84 gha. A biocapacidade local foi estimada em 26208 gha, permitindo a obtenção de um superávit ecológico de 25931,16 gha. A Pegada Ecológica mostrou-se uma ferramenta importante para se compreender o grau de impacto da geração de RSU.
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