Memory for person identity information consists of three main components: face-related information, name-related information, and person-related semantic information, such as the person's job title. Although previous studies have demonstrated the importance of the anterior temporal lobe (ATL) in the retrieval of associations between these kinds of information, there is no evidence concerning whether the ATL region contributes to the encoding of this memory, and whether ATL roles are dissociable between different levels of association in this memory. Using fMRI, we investigated dissociable roles within the ATL during successful encoding of this memory. During encoding, participants viewed unfamiliar faces, each paired with a job title and name. During retrieval, each learned face was presented with two job titles or two names, and participants were required to choose the correct job title or name. Successful encoding conditions were categorized by subsequent retrieval conditions: successful encoding of names and job titles (HNJ), names (HN), and job titles (HJ). The study yielded three main findings. First, the dorsal ATL showed greater activations in HNJ than in HN or HJ. Second, ventral ATL activity was greater in HNJ and HJ than in HN. Third, functional connectivity between these regions was significant during successful encoding. The results are the first to demonstrate that the dorsal and ventral ATL roles are dissociable between two steps of association, associations of person-related semantics with name and with face, and a dorsal-ventral ATL interaction predicts subsequent retrieval success of memory for person identity information.
Background/Aim: Very few studies are available about the biological activity of 3-styrylchromones. Our previous study demonstrated the importance of methoxy group at 6-position of the chromone ring and hydroxyl group at 4'position of phenyl group in styryl moiety. As a sequel of this study, we synthesized fourteen compounds that include eight 3-styrylchromones where methoxy group was introduced at 7position of chromone rings, and then evaluated their tumorspecificity. Materials and Methods: Tumor-specificity (TS) was calculated by relative cytotoxicity against human oral squamous cell carcinoma cell lines versus human normal oral cells. Apoptosis induction and growth arrest were monitored by cell-cycle analysis. Quantitative structure-activity relationship analysis of TS was performed with 3,167 chemical descriptors. Results and Discussion: Two compounds, 7methoxy-3-[(1E)-2-phenylethenyl]-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one [7] and 3-[(1E)-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethenyl]-7-methoxy-4H-1benzopyran-4-one [14] showed higher tumor-specificity than doxorubicin and 5-FU, suggesting the importance of methoxy group in 7-position of the chromone ring. These compounds induced the apoptosis and mitotic arrest in HSC-2 cells. The tumor-specificity of 3-styrylchromone derivatives were most correlated with descriptors for molecule shape and electronic charge. The present study suggested that modification by introducing methoxy group at 7-position, instead at 6-position, further increased the tumor-specificity of 3-styrylchromone. Chromone is a two-ring backbone structure contained in many flavonoids. 3-Chromone is a compound that has a styryl group attached at 3-position of chromone. We previously reported that (E)-3-(4-hydroxystyryl)-6-methoxy-4H-chromen-4-one (compound A) showed approximately 69-fold higher cytotoxicity against human oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cell lines as compared with human normal oral cells (1). On the other hand, natural polyphenols such as tannins and flavonoids showed only marginal tumor-specificity (2, 3). As far as we are aware, only five studies of biological activities of 3-styrylchromone derivatives have been reported so far. This includes antimicrobial activity (4), antipicornavirus activity (5), free radical scavenging and αglucosidase inhibitory activity (6), apoptosis induction (7) and tumor-specificity (1). Quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) analysis demonstrated the importance of methoxy group at 6-position of the chromone ring and hydroxyl group at 4'position of phenyl group in styryl moiety (1). As a sequel of this study, we synthesized fourteen compounds that include eight 3-styrylchromones where methoxy group was introduced at 7-position of chromone ring, and then evaluated the tumor-specificity. We first investigated their cytotoxicity against four human oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cells lines (Ca9-22, derived from gingival tissue; HSC-2, HSC-3. HSC-4, derived from tongue) and three human normal oral mesenchymal cells [human gingival fibroblast (HGF), human periodontal l...
Neutrophilic myositis is an extremely rare condition, cases of which have been reported in association with neutrophilic dermatosis, inflammatory bowel disease and malignant hematological disease. The disorder is histologically characterized by a sterile infiltration of neutrophils throughout muscle, with necrosis of muscle fibres. We here report the case of a young male who also had associated pyoderma gangrenosum, and who presented with necrotizing fasciitis-like manifestations. In this case, although there were no other underlying disorders, compulsive exertional stress due to break-dancing was thought to be a precipitant. Debridement of the necrotic tissues combined with oral corticosteroid treatment was effective.
Yukishita kyabetsu, cabbage (Brassica oleracea L. var. capitata L) that is cultivated or stored under snow cover for several months, was analyzed before and after snowfall; the sugar content, which imparts sweetness, was mostly retained. Meanwhile, the nitrate nitrogen (nitrate ion) concentration, which causes astringency, was decreased. In the analysis using a taste sensing system, the astringency and bitterness decreased because of the decrease in nitrate ions; thus, it was speculated that the sweetness increased in comparison. For cabbage stored in the snow room, we conducted a 5-day distribution test using three temperature groups (1, 10, and 20 °C) to clarify the effect of distribution temperature following shipment. The results showed that the sugar content was unchanged for almost 5 days in the 1 and 10 °C temperature groups, while it decreased in one day in the 20 °C temperature group. In the 20 °C temperature group, the nitrate ion concentration, which is responsible for bitterness, more than doubled in one day of distribution storage.
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