This study was conducted to determine the effect of rice husk fluidization and variation of equivalence ratio on bubbling fluidized bed gasifiers without sand bed material. Reducing the diameter of rice husks is the solution in this study to improve fluidization quality. Because of it, the value of bulk density increases and the value of voidage decreases which both are the main parameter to improving the quality of fluidization in solid particles. The experiments were carried out at a velocity of 0.82 m/s, by changing the equivalent ratios ranged from 0.20 to 0.35, and analyzing the syngas composition, cold gas efficiency, carbon conversion efficiency, lower heating value, and temperature distribution. The results were obtained at 0.30 equivalence ratio in a bubbling fluidized gasifier having syngas composition of (H2, CO, CH4, CO2, and N2) respectively are 7.415%, 15.674%, 3.071%, 17.839%, and 56.031%. At this condition, 31.340% of cold gas efficiency, 37.120% of carbon conversion efficiency, and 3.881 MJ/Nm3 of lower heating value values were obtained.
This study will use the result simulation of bubbling fluidized bed gasifier (BFBG) in CFD to know the value of producer gas (CO2, CO, H2, CH4, O2, and N2). Commonly in BFBG silica sand is used as bed material in the gasification process but in this study silica sand or bed material is absented in the gasification process. The energy and exergy analysis will be evaluated in this study to indicate the performance of BFBG without bed material. In this study rice husk is used as a feedstock with feed rate 0.2 kg/s, and air is used as medium gasification in the range of ER (equivalence ratio) between 0.24 to 0.45. Variation of ER affect the value of energy and exergy, where the higher ER applied the higher exergy destruction that occur and decrease the efficiency of exergy. It was calculated that the best efficiency was obtained when the value of ER is 0.24, with the total value of energy and exergy are 2544 and 2335 kJ per kg biomass, sequentially.
Water is a primary need for human life. Because of its important use, an integrated system was built consisting of pumps and pipes to distribute water. The phenomenon of energy loss is found in the process of distributing water using pumps and pipes. To understand the energy loss phenomenon that occurs, an experimental test is carried out on a piping installation. Fluid mechanics and turbomachinery laboratories have experimental test equipment in the form of CUSSONS friction loss in pipe apparatus with a single-stage centrifugal pump to study the energy loss phenomenon that occurs in piping installations. This test equipment is composed of two kinds of pipe materials, namely PVC and acrylic, with variations in pipe diameter of 0.75 and 1.0 inch, flow meters in the form of venturi and orifice, pipe fittings in the form of elbow 45 • , long radius elbow 90 • , short radius elbow 90 • , a valve in the form of ball-valve and pump connected to the NEWMAN electric motor which has a power of 1.5 HP and a rotational speed of 2850 RPM. The pressure drop in the piping installation was measured using a mercury manometer, the increase in pump pressure was measured with a pressure gauge, and the current and voltage of the motor pump were measured using a clamp meter. The flow rate for the installation was varied between 10L/min to 55 L/min with an increase in the flow rate of 5 L/min for the data collection on straight-pipe line I, fittings, and ball valves, on straight-pipe line II the variation of discharge only reached 40 L/min, while the variation of discharge for the flow meters was from 10 L/min to 30 L/min with an increase in the flow rate of 2 L/min for the orifice and 4 L/min for the venturi. Based on the experimental test data, it was found that the loss coefficient value (K l ) for K90= 0.58, for K45= 0.38, KBV = 0.62, and KLRE= 0.611. Relative roughness (e/D) on pipe line I= 0.0043 and pipe line II = 0.024. The coefficient of discharge (C d ) on the venture-type flow meter Ce= 0.91 and Co= 0.72 at maximum discharge. Maximum pump efficiency (ηp) was 27.1% when the pump head= 18.79 m.
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