QALY. In univariate analysis, all variables showed significant association with ICER. However, in multivariate regression analysis, three variables; absence of alternative, disease severity and cancer, rare diseases significantly increased ICER(p< 0.05). The most influencing factor raising ICER was catastrophic disease, followed by disease severity, no alternative, and limited alternatives. The degree of impact were in 17, 14, 12, 8 millions KRW per QALY. ConClusions: This study confirmed that most of the factors were considered as modifiers of ICER on PBC's deliberation in positively recommended cases. The coefficient estimates of variables probably give an impression to any stakeholders seeking reasonable approximate ICER threshold for pharmaceuticals.
Purpose : Developing infection control capabilities during the COVID-19 pandemic was critical. This study aimed to develop a simulation program to control patients with COVID-19 in nursing students and examine the effects on COVID-19 knowledge, COVID-19 nursing intention, self-efficacy learning, and clinical performance.Methods : The study used nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design. Sixty nursing students were recruited from two different colleges using purposive sampling. For the intervention group(n=30), the pretest was administered before the simulation program, involving six sessions of online lectures and simulation practices. Immediately, the posttest was conducted following the program.Results : COVID-19 knowledge (t=9.87, <i>p</i> <.001), COVID-19 nursing intention (t=4.45, <i>p</i> <.001), learning self-efficacy (t=6.49, <i>p</i> <.001), and clinical performance (t=6.77, <i>p</i> <.001) increased significantly after the program, revealing the positive effect of the COVID-19 infection control simulation program in nursing students.Conclusion : The results of the study and the curriculum may be used as practical evidence for COVID-19 infection control in nursing schools and medical institutions.
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