This moderator function may help explain predictive inconsistencies reported in the literature. Implications for the TPB are considered.

AIM: Young age at diagnosis of breast cancer is a negative prognostic factor, but early detection of breast pathology may improve prognosis. The present study examined the role of health perceptions (Health Belief Model; HBM) in young women's breast self-examination (BSE). It was hypothesized that cues to action, health motivation, and perceptions of threat (vulnerability, severity), benefits, and barriers, will predict BSE, but that threat perceptions will be more powerful predictors than benefits and barriers. METHOD: Questionnaire data from 178 asymptomatic women (aged 18-35 years) living in the northwestern region of England were analysed. RESULTS: Using hierarchical logistic regression controlling for demographic factors, only severity and barriers emerged as important predictors; lower perceived seriousness of breast cancer and fewer perceived obstacles to practising BSE predicted performance of BSE. For every unit increment on the severity and barrier scales, the odds of a respondent performing BSE decreased by approximately 8 and 20%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The results provide qualified support for the HBM. Perceived barriers was the most powerful predictor, although respondents assessed breast-cancer severity based on early detection through BSE. Implications for clinical interventions are considered.

Umeh, FK and Venturas, CHealth professional feedback on HPV vaccination roll-out in a developing country Vaccine http://researchonline.ljmu.ac.uk/5707/ Article LJMU has developed LJMU Research Online for users to access the research output of the University more effectively. Copyright © and Moral Rights for the papers on this site are retained by the individual authors and/or other copyright owners. Users may download and/or print one copy of any article(s) in LJMU Research Online to facilitate their private study or for non-commercial research. You may not engage in further distribution of the material or use it for any profit-making activities or any commercial gain.The version presented here may differ from the published version or from the version of the record. Please see the repository URL above for details on accessing the published version and note that access may require a subscription. Background: Worldwide, Zambia has the highest cervical cancer incidence rates 6 (58.4/100,000 per year) and mortality rates (36.2/100,000 per year). The human papilloma It is estimated that about 500 health workers were trained (and 50 clinics involved) in the 81 HPV vaccination programme in Zambia [20]. As Zambia has a doctor-patient ratio of just Non-participant unstructured observation was conducted alongside the interviews to 156 verify participants' reports. Following data analysis, some of the participants were contacted 157 via email. They were presented with an outline of the findings, and asked to provide 158 feedback. As the mother of one of the researchers had passed away with cancer, we were 159 aware this might introduce some personal bias during data analysis. Thus, an inductive 160 approach was used in data coding, to ensure it was primarily data-driven. However, it is 161 important to note that the coding of data is never conducted in an 'epistemological vacuum'. 162Hence, the researchers acknowledged that the extent to which they were able to separate their RESULTS 177Interview data was transcribed using the step-by-step procedure for thematic analysis 178 outlined in the literature (see Figure 2) [31]. This process included generating initial codes 179 (see Table 2), then searching for and reviving themes. A total of five overarching themes 180 were derived from the data; 'medical misconceptions', 'fear of the unknown', 'prior 181 desensitisation', 'rural-urban divide', and 'economic concerns'. "The females what they think about it, the others think that it is the wrong thing, 220 they are scared, others they accept, but most of them they are scared. When the 221 children tell their parents they want to give us this vaccine, most of the parents they 222 10 were refusing saying 'no us we don't know about this drug', so they refuse." Participants highlighted a need for specific cultural barriers to be addressed prior to rollout, to 235 make the whole community (including health professionals) more receptive to the vaccine. 236This need for preliminary desensitisation was due to the cultural iss...

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This study assessed the usefulness of health belief model (HBM) constructs in predicting the frequency and proficiency of breast self‐examination among Greek women. Both additive and multiplicative functions were tested. Cross‐sectional data from 195 women were analyzed. Health beliefs explained 16.5% and 19.7% of the variance in frequency and proficiency, respectively. Frequent and proficient breast examination was associated with fewer perceived barriers. Moreover, elevated confidence and susceptibility estimates predicted greater frequency and proficiency, respectively. One moderator interaction emerged, but this was attenuated after accounting for other health beliefs. These findings provide qualified support for the HBM and present a useful template for developing interventions to promote secondary prevention.