Introduction: Anthropometric measurement of the nose has a great importance to differentiate gender, race, and ethnicity. Nasal index is an important parameter in forensic sciences and rhinoplasty surgery. Our aim is to compare the nasal index of both males and females and its role to identify gender differences among medical students. Methods: First and second year medical students were chosen and height, breadth and nasal index were calculated. The height and width of the nose was measured using a vernier caliper. The nasal index of both males and females were calculated and compared and based on this, the nasal shape was also determined. Results: Among 184 total participants, 114 (61.9%) were Nepalese and 70 (38.1%) were Indian. In the Nepalese cohort, mean nasal height for male students was 4.58 ± 0.37 cm which was higher than females (4.39 ± 0.34 cm). The mean nasal index was higher among males in students of both the countries. The mesorrhine was most common type of morphology found among all students. Conclusions: Nasal index of male medical students was significantly higher than females. Mesorrhine nose was the commonest type of nose in our study. This information may be used to estimate gender differences.
Background: The external ear is unique in shape, size and orientation. It has symmetry and asymmetry among generations. Its morphological variation helps to trace genetic inheritance. The objective of this study was to identify this morphological variation among parents and siblings. Methods: The study was conducted in Manipal colleges of medical sciences. Images were procured from 147 families. The morphological character of external ears including, shape of pinnae, concha, tragus, ear lobule and attachment of lobule to cheek were matched among Parents and offspring. Results: This study included 882 pinnae in 147 families. Total 4410 morphological characteristics have been analyzed. Tragus was the most common matching character between parents and offspring Kappa measuring coefficient was statistically significant for shape of pinna, concha, ear lobule, ear lobule attachment to cheek. Conclusions: The most of external ear morphology matches between parents and offspring which may be a helpful tool in tracing hereditary inheritance.
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