Introduction: Child marriage is a global phenomenon where one in six girls aged under 19 are married as child brides that are exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic, in which girls are disproportionately affected by this practice. Therefore, this study aimed to provide reliable numbers of child marriages in Indonesia during the pandemic.Methods: Records from all 412 [Islamic] Religious Courts at the city/district level provided by the Supreme Court of The Republic of Indonesia were analysed, particularly the numbers of child marriage dispensation applications (bride and/or groom is below 19 years old) from 2019 to 2021.Results: New child marriage dispensation application numbers in 2019, 2020, and 2021 were 24,865, 64,225, and 62,890 cases, respectively, of which 2-4% of new applications were withdrawn every year. Up to 65% of new applications from 2019 to 2021 were consistently registered in six provinces in Java. However, the top-rank provinces with the rise of new applications in 2020 and 2021 when compared to records in 2019 were from outside Java, including Papua Barat, DI Aceh, Jambi, Maluku, Sulawesi Utara, Sumatera Barat, and Bengkulu.Conclusions: The child marriages in Indonesia skyrocketed by 2.5 times during the pandemic, represented by the rise of new child marriage dispensation applications to the Religious Courts between 2020 and 2021.Policy implications: Stakeholders should consider socio-economic and psycho-cultural factors in planning child marriage intervention programs during the pandemic, including involving local/religious leaders, tightening the marriage dispensation process, and prioritising areas with high percentages of poverty and the girl population.
Aim: To investigate factors associated with the applications of child marriage dispensation submitted to the Religious Courts during the COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia, particularly between 2019 and 2021. Methodology: The number of child marriage dispensation cases were analyzed together with other socioeconomic variables, including poverty and jobless rates, junior and senior high school completion rates, number of cerai talak and cerai gugat applications, number of COVID-19 positive cases, and number of deaths by COVID-19. The differences between 2021 and 2019 were analyzed using the paired t-test and repeated measures Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). The relationship between variables were analyzed using the Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient. Hierarchical multiple regression with entering method was used to determine the predictors of the number of child marriage dispensation cases in year 2019, 2020, 2021, and the change from 2019 to 2021. Findings: New dispensation underage marriage applications in 2019, 2020, and 2021 were 24,457 (M=843, SD=1,519), 63,391 (M=2,186, SD=4,085), and 62,167 (M=2,144, SD=4,058), which were significantly different (F(1.0, 28.6)=7.63, p=.01) and positively correlated with poverty rate, jobless rate, cerai talak, cerai gugat, COVID-19 positive cases, and COVID-19 death cases. The multiple regression analysis for the change of dispensation underage marriage applications in the pandemic and before (years 2021-2019) was statistically significant, (F(6,22)=117.62, p<.001), which the final model was able to account for 97% of the variance in new dispensation underage marriage applications. Conclusion: Collaborative multi-sectors works are needed to decrease the skyrocketing child marriage numbers, especially in a crisis situation like the COVID-19 pandemic.
This study examines how Jasser Auda's maqāṣid sharia view son child protection as the basis for determining the age limit for marriage and how Jasser Auda's maqāṣid sharia view son the philosophical and sociological foundations contained in the marriage age limit. This study uses a qualitative study with a descriptive analytical method with a philosophical and sociological approach. The results of this study indicate that, First, Jasser Auda's maqāṣid sharia view on child protection as the basis for determining the age limit for marriage, namely that Jasser Auda's maqāṣid asy-syarīʻah theory shows that the goal of equalizing the marriage age limit contained in Law Number 16 The year 2019 refers to the concept of child protection as regulated in concerning Child Protection which includes the basic rights of children, the right to protection from violence and discrimination and full justice for children. Second, Jasser Auda's maqāṣid sharia view of the philosophical and sociological foundations contained in the marriage age limit in using six features of the system theory that Jasser Auda optimized the results according to Cognitive, Openness, Wholeness, Interrelated Hierarchy, Multi Dimensionality and Purposefulness is accordance with maqāṣid sharia, realizing the goal of eliminating discrimination against women accordance with the global era by reforming maqāṣid to words Human Rights, creating equality between men and women, refers to the environment of society, nation and state, such as upholding justice and tolerance, achieving a harmonious family.
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