The study considers a directed dynamics reaction-diffusion competition model to study the density of evolution for a single species population with harvesting effect in a heterogeneous environment, where all functions are spatially distributed in time series. The dispersal dynamics describe the growth of the species, which is distributed according to the resource function with no-flux boundary conditions. The analysis investigates the existence, positivity, persistence, and stability of solutions for both time-periodic and spatial functions. The carrying capacity and the distribution function are either arbitrary or proportional. It is observed that if harvesting exceeds the growth rate, then eventually, the population drops down to extinction. Several numerical examples are considered to support the theoretical results.
Supplementary Information
The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12190-022-01742-x.
The present study is connected to the analysis of a nonlinear system that covered a wide range of mathematical biology in terms of competition, cooperation, and symbiosis interactions between two species. We focus on how populations change their densities when two different species follow the non-symmetric logistic growth laws. We have investigated the stability of the corresponding densities of population, and to control the convergence of solutions by proper choice of interacting constant and periodic parameters. It shows the effect of crowding tolerance on both species. It will show that there exists an infinite number of coexistence solutions if the resource distributions are identical for both populations. If the carrying capacity of the first species exceeds the rest one, then eventually the second population drops down to extinction. The results are presented studying the Lyapunov functional, phase portraits, and in a series of numerical examples.
GANIT J. Bangladesh Math. Soc. 40.2 (2020) 95-110
In this paper, we consider a reaction–diffusion model in population dynamics and study the impact of different types of Allee effects with logistic growth in the heterogeneous closed region. For strong Allee effects, usually, species unconditionally die out and an extinction-survival situation occurs when the effect is weak according to the resource and sparse functions. In particular, we study the impact of the multiplicative Allee effect in classical diffusion when the sparsity is either positive or negative. Negative sparsity implies a weak Allee effect, and the population survives in some domain and diverges otherwise. Positive sparsity gives a strong Allee effect, and the population extinct without any condition. The influence of Allee effects on the existence and persistence of positive steady states as well as global bifurcation diagrams is presented. The method of sub-super solutions is used for analyzing equations. The stability conditions and the region of positive solutions (multiple solutions may exist) are presented. When the diffusion is absent, we consider the model with and without harvesting, which are initial value problems (IVPs) and study the local stability analysis and present bifurcation analysis. We present a number of numerical examples to verify analytical results.
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