The mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs), because of the synthesis, ease of surface functionalization, tunable pore size, large surface area, and biocompatibility, are being useful in many of the biomedical applications like drug delivery, theranostics, stem cell research, etc. It has been a potent nanocarrier for many different therapeutic agents, i.e., the surface functionalization of silica nanoparticles (SNs) with chemical agents, polymers, and supramolecular moieties enable the efficient delivery of therapeutic agents in a highly controlled manner. Also, the toxicity, biosafety, and in vivo efficiency involving biodistribution, pharmacokinetics, biodegradation, and excretion of MSNs play an important role in its involvement in the clinical applications. A coherence between chemistry and biological sciences extends its opportunities to a wide range in the field of nanomedicine such as smart drug delivery systems, functionalization and gating approach, controlled drug delivery systems, diagnostic and targeted theragnostic approach etc. Thus, taking advantage of the inbuilt properties of the MSNs applicable to the biomedical sector, the present review describes a panorama on the SNs which are presently used for the development of theragnostic probes and advanced drug delivery platforms.
Here, we reported an innovative and
electrochemical biosensor for
the rapid detection of
Escherichia coli
O157:H
7. We fabricated the mesoporous ZrO
2
-Ag-G-SiO
2
(ZAGS) and In
2
O
3
-G-SiO
2
(IGS) sensors, and cyclic voltammetry (CV) was employed to
detect the bacteria. The development of these portable sensors addresses
the challenges of conventional time-consuming and more expensive laboratory-based
analyses. Hence, the biosensors were highly selective to detect
E. coli
. The sensor could recognize an individual
E. coli
cell in 1 μL of sample volume within
30 s.
E. coli
live cells tied down
on sample nanoparticles worked toward the definite acquirement of
E. coli
. The high thickness of negative charge on
the surface of
E. coli
cells effectively
regulated the concentration of dominant part charge carriers in the
mesoporous channel, allowing a continuous check of
E. coli
concentration in a known sample. The signal
current decreased linearly, while the
E. coli
concentration increased from 1.0 × 10
1
to 1.0 ×
10
10
CFU/mL. ZAGS and IGS biosensors could detect
E. coli
in the range from 10
1
to 10
10
CFU/mL. ZAGS and IGS biosensors in this investigation showed
great specificity, reproducibility, stability, and selectivity and
are expected to have a great impact on applications in the detection
of foodborne pathogens.
In the present study, electrochemical
sensing for urea was proposed
utilizing graphene-based quaternary nanocomposites YInWO4-G-SiO2 (YIWGS). These YIWGS nanocomposites were utilized
due to their exceptionally delicate determination of urea with the
lowest detection limit (0.01 mM). These YIWGS composites were developed
through a simple self-assembly method. From physical characterization,
we found that the YIWGS composites are crystalline in nature (powdered
X-ray diffraction), and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy
analysis provided the surface functionality and bonding. Scanning
electron microscopy (SEM) studies indicated the morphology characteristics
of the as-synthesized composites and the high-resolution transmission
electron microscopy (HRTEM) image supported the formation of cubic
or hexagonal morphology of the YIW nanocomposites. The YIWGS sensor
showed a great electroanalytical sensing performance of 0.07 mM urea
with a sensitivity of 0.06 mA cm–2, an expansive
linear range of 0.7–1.5 mM with a linear response (R2 1/4 0.99),
and an eminent reaction time of around 2 s. It also displayed a good
linear response toward urea with negligible interferences from normal
coinciding species in urine samples.
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