Frequent changes pervasively undermine project schedule performance. Despite voluminous research into project delays, however, the persistence of the problem demands that a systemic approach be adopted to investigate design change causation and to explore the efficacy of communications and knowledge as strategic project controls. Drawing on a hybrid research design, the critical variables are identified and mapped onto causal loop diagrams to enable practical holism. The findings indicate that effective project communications engenders collaborative team dynamics and collective learning, whereas project learning contributes to knowledge reuse and the improved expert judgment needed for transforming design change management and schedule control.
The firm’s involvement in innovation became a necessary attribute for firms to remain competitive and successful. However, innovation is still considered a hallmark of large firms only. The literature on SME's involvement in innovation is scant and needs further exploration regarding the innovation process in the SME firms. This paper aims to hint the gap of knowledge related to the association between the owner-manager characteristics and innovation orientation at the SMEs. A review of relevant literature was exhausted for the achievement of the study objective. The findings of the study highlight that to fully explore the innovation process at the SME level, there is a need to divide the innovation concept into innovation creation and innovation adoption as two discrete concepts effected by the owner-manager personal characteristics. Literature hints at these two conceptualizations of the innovation among SMEs, but empirical examination is non-existence. Therefore, this work recommends future research endeavors to empirically examining the direction and strength of the relationship between owner-manager characteristics and SME's innovation performance in terms of creation and adoption. Moreover, literature and policy direction can be drawn from the respective research activities.
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