The development of a genetic algorithm (GA) to solve an irrigation water scheduling problem is described. The objective is to optimize the utilization of water resources in irrigation systems operating on a rotational basis. An objective function for the water scheduling problem is presented along with constraints that relate to in-field soil moisture balances as well as canal capacities.The approach was applied to a simple and to a more complex test system. Solutions are presented using a GA in different formulations and comparisons made between these. Results demonstrate that GAs are capable of solving water scheduling problems, including those with water stress. In water stress conditions the GA approach can provide uniformity in soil moisture content in schemes within a system if formulated with a 0-1 approach.An application to the Pugal branch canal in the Indira Gandhi Nahar Pariyojana (IGNP) irrigation system in north-west India has demonstrated that the approach is robust and can produce appropriate schedules under extreme conditions of water stress. The GA approach is a useful tool for water scheduling in complex systems. Cette approche a été expérimentée sur un système-test simple et sur un plus complexe. Des solutions utilisant différentes formulations de l'algorithme sont présentées et comparées. Les résultats montrent que les AGs sont capables de résoudre les problèmes de programmation des tours d'eau y compris en présence de stress hydrique. Dans des conditions de stress hydrique, l'outil peut procurer une uniformité de teneur en l'eau du sol à l'intérieur d'un système avec une formulation booléenne.Une application sur le Pugal Branch Canal dans le système d'irrigation Indira Ghandi Nahar Pariyojana (IGNP) situé dans le nord-ouest de l'Inde a démontré que l'approche est solide et peut produire des résultats appropriés dans des conditions extrêmes de stress hydrique. L'approche de l'AG semble donc être un outil utile pour l'allocation de l'eau dans des systèmes complexes.
Irrigation is the largest use of fresh water globally, and improved management of water within irrigation systems is essential if scarce resources are to be used to their maximum benefit and used in an equitable manner. The management of water allocation in large irrigation systems is important, as even a small improvement in operation may lead to significant benefits.An optimisation approach based on genetic algorithms (GAs) is described for real time allocation of irrigation water supplies. Appropriate objective functions for the water allocation problem have been derived previously and solved using quadratic programming (QP). This paper describes work on the development of a GA for the water allocation problem. The GA approach is very flexible, and is easily set up for a wide range of linear and non-linear objective functions.This paper presents the development of a GA for the irrigation water allocation problem and investigates the sensitivity of the approach to different formulations. The GA approach can provide solutions that are similar to those produced by QP. It is, however, sensitive to string length, and has difficulty in meeting closed nodal water balance constraints. It is concluded that the GA approach offers no advantage over the QP for the water allocation problem. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.KEY WORDS: genetic algorithm; water allocation; quadratic programming RÉ SUMÉ L'irrigation est, dans le monde, la manière la plus répandue d'exploiter l'eau douce et l'amélioration de la gestion de l'eau, au sein des systèmes d'irrigation, est essentielle si l'on veut utiliser de façon équitable les ressources peu abondantes au maximum de leur bienfait. La gestion de la répartition de l'eau dans les grands systèmes d'irrigation est donc importante: la mise en place d'une infime amélioration peut en effet engendrer des bénéfices considérables.Une approche d'optimisation, basée sur les algorithmes génétiques (AGs) pour une répartition en temps réel des provisions d'eau pour l'irrigation, est exposée. D'adéquates fonctions objectives pour le problème de la répartition de l'eau ont auparavant été identifiées et résolues en utilisant la programmation quadratique (PQ). Notre article décrit le travail réalisé lors du développement d'un AG concernant le problème de répartition de l'eau. L'approche proposée par l'AG est très souple et peut facilement être mise en place pour une grande variété de fonctions objectives linéaires ou non.Notre article présente le développement d'un AG pour le problème de répartition de l'eau destinée à l'irrigation et examine la sensibilité de cette approche à des formulations différentes. L'approche AG peut fournir en fait des solutions semblables à celles issues de la PQ. Mais elle est toutefois sensible à la longueur des séries et éprouve des difficultés à répondre aux restrictions imposées par l'étroit équilibre nodal de l'eau. En conclusion, il apparaît que l'approche AG n'offre pas plus d'avantages que la PQ en ce qui concerne le problème de la répartition de l'e...
Sustainable development of a community needs to be balanced in all dimensions. Global warming and climate change from human emissions can affect the development of communities including highland communities in Chiang Rai, Thailand in terms of human life, growth and yield of plants and animals. This research presents low-carbon tourism for the sustainable development of the rural highland community in Chiang Rai, Thailand by integrating economic, social and environmental objectives in community development for sustainability. This research is carried out through funding of a royal project and is based on mixed research methodology incorporating both qualitative and quantitative data analysis techniques in different stages including, ethnographic delphi future research, in-depth interview and observation. The study evaluates the community development levels standard and indicators for enhancing the community's economic development such as low carbon tourism development through analyzing the available resources and the Royal Project initiatives through education, meeting and discussion. The result shows its impact on four dimensions of development as 1. environmentally friendly agriculture; 2. forest restoration and conservation; 3. community health management; and 4. community strength to support change, to develop into sustainable low carbon highland communities. The results of this research can be used as a guideline for a sustainable low-carbon community development and also to evaluate criteria, indicators, as well as developmental steps for preparing and evaluating community development levels for certification of community development standards into low-carbon sustainable areas.
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