Due to increasing interest in the development of advanced nanomaterials from nanosheets as building blocks, methods for the preparation of nanosheet materials and their hybrids have been studied carefully and extensively. In this review, studies of mechanochemical methods (solid-solid reactions under ambient conditions or solvent-free synthesis) for the preparation of intercalation compounds are summarized. Mechanochemical reactions without using solvent have operational advantages, such as their environmentally benign nature and the fact that separating and drying the products is not necessary. In addition to their advantages from green chemistry viewpoints, solid-state reactions have potential for the preparation of novel intercalation compounds which are not accessible by conventional solution-based methods.
The role of surfaces in materials properties is significantly pronounced when the materials are designed in nanoscopic dimensions. Recent developments of nanomaterials chemistry have led researchers to modify properties as well as impart new functions by the surface modification of various nanomaterials. In this review article, grafting reactions (covalent attachments of functional units) for the surface modification of oxide based nanomaterials are summarized with the emphasis on layered solids, and the preparation and the nanoarchitectures of the products.
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