Introduction Candidiasis is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised patients admitted in intensive care units. Identification of Candida species is essential for effective treatment. However, in absence of proven fungemia, guidelines to initiate therapy are yet to be defined. Materials and methods During the study (16 months: September 2018 to December 2019), samples (urine, sputum, blood, tracheal aspirate, urinary catheter) were collected from ICU patients and prospectively evaluated. Microscopy, culture, and antifungal susceptibility testing were performed as per standard laboratory protocol. Demographic details and risk factors were noted from case records and correlated with Candida score. Results One hundred twenty-five non-duplicate samples (120 patients) positive on culture were included in the study. The most common co-morbid condition associated with fungemia was diabetes mellitus. The most common risk factor was total parenteral nutrition. Non-albicansCandida( C. tropicalis ) was predominant. Candida species showed good sensitivity to voriconazole (80%) followed by fluconazole (67.78%) and amphotericin (62.22%). Twenty-nine patients had a Candida score of more than three. Conclusion Fluconazole available in both oral and parenteral formulations is an effective antifungal agent against the candida spp. Voriconazole should be reserved for non-responders. Rising resistance to common antifungals among Candida albicans is a matter of concern.
IntroductionPulmonary tuberculosis (TB) has long been associated with opportunistic fungal infections and could prove lethal if these fungal infections are not detected in the early stages of tuberculosis. TB patients are mostly immunocompromised, and an association with a fungal infection fuels each other, thus decreasing host immunity and making it difficult to treat. Extensive use of antibiotics and steroids has resulted in increasing trends of these fungal infections globally.
Mucormycosis is an angioinvasive infection caused by fungi Mucorales which mainly occurs in immunocompromised patients. Aspergillosis is also an opportunistic fungal infection caused by Aspergillus species. Coinfection with mucormycosis and aspergillosis is very rare and very few cases were published in the literature till now. There is an increase in the incidence of mucormycosis infection in post-COVID-19 patients. Here, we are going to report a case series of three cases of combined infection of mucormycosis with Aspergillus. All three patients were treated with extensive surgical debridement and intravenous liposomal amphotericin B. Even after aggressive treatment, the mortality rate is high in these types of patients.
BACKGROUNDMalaria is probably one of the oldest diseases known to mankind that has had profound impact on our history. It continues to be a huge social, economic and health problem, particularly in the tropical countries. Studies on malaria due to co-existent P. falciparum and P. vivax infections are negligible in India. Therefore, this study was undertaken to find out the clinical profile, prognostic factors and outcome of mixed-species malaria and to compare it with P. falciparum malaria. MATERIALS AND METHODSA descriptive study was carried out on 100 patients of malaria admitted in Department of Medicine, Patna Medical College and Hospital, Patna, a tertiary care hospital from January 2016 to August 2017. RESULTSOut of 100 cases, 5 cases have both falciparum and vivax co-infection in infective positive cases. In 68 cases P. falciparum were positive and 27 were P. vivax positive. CONCLUSIONCo-infection is not uncommon in the locality, where both species coexists. Co-infection can complicate with severe malaria. However, its incidence and severity is less than severe falciparum malaria. In mixed infection, P. vivax malaria has a protective effect against the severity of falciparum malaria.
BACKGROUNDHepatitis B virus (HBV) is one of the major global public health problems. HBV infection is the 10 th leading cause of death and HBVrelated Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the 5 th most frequent cancer worldwide. The present study was conducted to determine the seroprevalence of HBV in high-risk groups. MATERIALS AND METHODSSerum samples were collected from clinically diagnosed Hepatitis patients and screened for anti-HBV antibodies using Immunochromatographic card test and confirmed by ELISA.
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