Ag 3 PO 4 nanostructures (APNs) containing silver (Ag metal; of the noble metal families) have the potential to exhibit enzyme-mimetic activity. A nanostructure shape, including its surface facets, can improve the bioactivity of enzyme mimicry, yet the molecular mechanisms remain unclear. Herein, we report facet-dependent peroxidase and oxidase-like activity of APNs with both antibacterial and biofilm degrading properties through the generation of reactive oxygen species. Cubic APNs had superior antibacterial effects than rhombic dodecahedral shapes when inhibiting Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial pathogen proliferation and biofilm degradation. A similar performance was observed for rhombic dodecahedral shapes, being greater than tetrahedral-shaped APNs. The extent of enzyme-mimetic activity is attributed to the facets {100} present in cubic APNs that led the peroxide radicals to inhibit the proliferation of bacteria and degrade biofilm. These facets were compared to rhombic dodecahedral APNs {110} and tetrahedral APNs {111}, respectively, to reveal a facet-dependent enhanced antibacterial activity, providing a plausible mechanism for shape-dependent APNs material enzyme-mimetic effects on bacteria. Thus, our research findings can provide a direction to optimize bactericidal materials using APNs in clinically relevant applications.
Fluoroquinolones are broad spectrum antibiofilm agents. Herein, synthesized are a series of hexafluoro functionalized quinoline-3-carboxylate derivatives (4 a-7 d) from aryl amines as novel chemotherapeutic agents. The compound ethyl 5chloro-6-(1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-hydroxypropan-2-yl)-4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylate (4 b) exhibited the most potent promising antimicrobial and antibiofilm activity against Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus MTCC96 with a minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) value of 1.8 μg/mL and an IC 50 value of 15.6 � 0.04 μM. The presence of ester linkage, electron withdrawing chlorine ortho (5-Cl) to hexafluoro-2-propanol and an unsubstituted nitrogen in the quinolone scaffold enhanced the antimicrobial activity. The compounds ethyl 5-chloro-6-(1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-hydroxypropan-2-yl)-4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylate (4 b), ethyl 8-chloro-1-ethyl-6-(1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-hydroxypropan-2-yl)-4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylate (5 d) and 6-(2-ethoxy-1,1,1,3,3,3hexafluoropropan-2-yl)-1-ethyl-8-fluoro-4-oxo-1,4-dihydro quino-line-3-carboxylic acid (6 c) have displayed a significant cytotoxicity towards cancer cells without any toxic effects towards the normal cells.
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