αγηβ αγηβ αγηβ αγηβΦ Φ Φ Φ Abstract --The battery is an important component in an electric vehicle (EV) or a plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV) and it should be charged from the grid in a cost efficient, preferably fast and definitely safe way. The charger could be an on board or an off board charger. For an on board charger it is possible to use available hardware of the traction system, mainly the inverter and the electric motor, in the charger circuit. This is called an integrated charger. In this paper, different examples of integrated chargers are reviewed and explained. Additionally, other possible solutions of integrated chargers are described. Index Terms-AC Machines, battery chargers, converters, road vehicle electric propulsion. Φ Financial support from the Swedish Energy Agency and the Swedish Hybrid Vehicle Centre is gratefully acknowledged. S. Haghbin, S. Lundmark and O. Carlson are with the Electric Power Engineering division,
The global discourse on "winning hearts and minds", engages the United States, local governments and international actors in liberal peace building in conflict affected settings. In northwestern Pakistan, the Pakistani government supports this discourse by claiming to pursue a three pronged strategy based on dialogue, development and deterrence. This paper examines how peace building activities have been practiced in northwestern Pakistan in relation to development and humanitarian interventions that support community needs. Field data was gathered in Swat and Peshawar valleys between September 2010 to February 2011, through semi-structured interviews that covered peace building efforts in the form of local perceptions of development and humanitarian interventions, perspectives on development schemes, aid priorities, and the relationship between aid and security. Furthermore, the paper relies on secondary data sources such as development and humanitarian response plans, research briefs, and news events.
False Promises False hopes: Local perspectives of liberal peace building in north-westernPakistan
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