False Promises False Hopes: Local Perspectives on Liberal Peace Building in North-Western Pakistan

Khan, Kamin; Nyborg, Ingrid

doi:10.1080/08039410.2013.797016

Cited by 10 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…There was also a high degree of mistrust within communities, as people could be reported to the authorities for having supported the militants, when they may in fact only been in personal conflict with their accuser. The influence of local jirga and moderate religious scholars had already been weakened during the conflict as conservative religious leaders were given relatively more power by the militants [46]. When the army took control after the conflict, they constituted defense committees who reported directly to the army, and later to the police.…”

Section: Changing Insecurities In Swatmentioning

confidence: 99%

Civil Security in the Wake of Crisis—Renegotiating Police-Community Relations in Post-Crisis Development in Swat, Pakistan

Nyborg

Nawab

2021

Journal of Human Security

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This paper explores the transition from military to civil security in post-militancy and subsequent militant operations in 2009 and the floods of 2010 in the Swat Valley of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP), Pakistan.Based mainly on qualitative interviews, focus group discussions and participant observation with local police and community women and men, the paper examines the shifting roles of the police over the course of these crises and how community-police relations are continuously negotiated. Before the conflict, relations between the community and police were weak, and traditional institutions such as the jirga were functioning. Militants attacked both systems, targeting police, politicians, jirga leaders and education institutions. Following the military operation, the responsibility for security became a confusing institutional landscape of civil and military actors, which has reshaped community-police relations in Swat. Dichotomous distinctions between state and non-state, formal and informal institutions fall short in describing the everyday dynamic crafting of local institutions, particularly in a post-conflict context like Swat. New 'hybrid' institutions have emerged, initiated by both government and communities, with varying degrees of success in building trust and addressing peoples' fears that militants may return. The results are relevant for both postconflict development assistance and police and justice reform not only in the study area, but also in other post-conflict areas where states and communities find themselves re-negotiating their basic relationships.

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Section: Changing Insecurities In Swatmentioning

confidence: 99%

Civil Security in the Wake of Crisis—Renegotiating Police-Community Relations in Post-Crisis Development in Swat, Pakistan

Nyborg

Nawab

2021

Journal of Human Security

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“…Therefore disaster survivors are also united by their experiences of various oppressive external social and economic forces that exacerbate the effects of natural disasters. For our context, these include historic experiences of colonialism, identity politics of the Taliban and the formidable "War on Terror" which categorize our research site a battleground for global liberal peace building agendas (Khan and Nyborg 2013). It is important to be mindful of these forces external to the lived realities of our research participants, which constrain and diminish their lives in important ways.…”

Section: 'Natural' Disasters Structure and Agencymentioning

confidence: 99%

Religion in Spaces of Social Disruption: Re-Reading the Public Transcript of Disaster Relief in Pakistan

Aijazi¹

2015

International Journal of Mass Emergencies & Disasters

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This paper explores how everyday religious narratives in post-disaster contexts can be interpreted as key sites of agency articulated in resistance to dominant discourses of disaster relief. Drawing on ethnographic fieldwork among affected communities after the 2010 floods in Pakistan, we argue that religious discourses code everyday actions with political meaning and significance. Deploying Scott's (1990) theorization of hidden transcripts and everyday acts of resistance, as well as Mahmood's (2005) more recent framing of agency as a capacity for action, we argue that local communities are dynamic political actors capable of transformative interventions even in the wake of major disasters and the relief efforts that ensue in their wake. By exploring how religious narratives are mobilized by local communities we seek to better understand how the post -disaster arena is used to rework concepts of ‘beneficiaries’, ‘relief provision,’ and ‘religion.’

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“…In conflict and disaster‐affected contexts, operational capacities of aid agencies are often affected by a lack of understanding of efficient post‐disaster relief and development mechanisms (Schafer, ). Local involvement in peace‐building and development efforts has been studied in different contexts by Donini (), Khan and Nyborg (), Khan, Shanmugaratnam, and Nyborg, () and Schafer (). These studies suggest that, for successful peace‐building, it is critical to provide long‐term development opportunities, including livelihood rehabilitation, to crisis‐affected communities.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The recovery and rehabilitation effort was then impeded by a “super flood” that hit the region in July 2010 (Bennett, ; Khan & Nyborg, ). Together, the flood and the conflict devastated the entire region.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysing local perceptions of post‐conflict and post‐floods livelihood interventions in Swat, Pakistan

Khan

2019

Development Policy Review

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The Swat valley in Pakistan's Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP) province was affected by a protracted conflict and super flood between 2007 and 2010. This article explores local perceptions of the Swat response, which presented complex challenges for rehabilitation and livelihood recovery of affected communities. This study examines local perceptions of how non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and government response addressed livelihood revival needs, considers questions relating to the nature and dynamics of the conflict and floods and reflects on the issues and lessons of post-disaster relief and development. The qualitative case study was conducted between September 2010 and February 2011. Primary data were collected in 11 villages and localities from beneficiaries and non-beneficiaries, government representatives, community leaders and programme officials involved in livelihood interventions. This article identifies the shortcomings associated with the targeted response, as well as the types of response offered in the form of beneficiary selection and elite co-opting of aid. The response was affected by a lack of relief, recovery and development programme co-ordination, weak institutional support and non-prioritization of local needs. The article recommends that for effective development policy and practice, local ownership of response and recovery programmes needs to be promoted. | O275 SAEED KHAN

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False Promises False Hopes: Local Perspectives on Liberal Peace Building in North-Western Pakistan

Cited by 10 publications

References 10 publications

Civil Security in the Wake of Crisis—Renegotiating Police-Community Relations in Post-Crisis Development in Swat, Pakistan

Civil Security in the Wake of Crisis—Renegotiating Police-Community Relations in Post-Crisis Development in Swat, Pakistan

Religion in Spaces of Social Disruption: Re-Reading the Public Transcript of Disaster Relief in Pakistan

Analysing local perceptions of post‐conflict and post‐floods livelihood interventions in Swat, Pakistan

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