Various organizations and institutions store large volumes of tsunami-related data, whose availability and quality should benefit society, as it improves decision making before the tsunami occurrence, during the tsunami impact, and when coping with the aftermath. However, the existing digital ecosystem surrounding tsunami research prevents us from extracting the maximum benefit from our research investments. The main objective of this study is to explore the field of data repositories providing secondary data associated with tsunami research and analyze the current situation. We analyze the mutual interconnections of references in scientific studies published in the Web of Science database, governmental bodies, commercial organizations, and research agencies. A set of criteria was used to evaluate content and searchability. We identified 60 data repositories with records used in tsunami research. The heterogeneity of data formats, deactivated or nonfunctional web pages, the generality of data repositories, or poor dataset arrangement represent the most significant weak points. We outline the potential contribution of ontology engineering as an example of computer science methods that enable improvements in tsunami-related data management.
This systematic review provides a comprehensive overview of tsunami evacuation models. The review covers scientific studies from the last decade (2012–2021) and is explicitly focused on models using an agent-based approach. The PRISMA methodology was used to analyze 171 selected papers, resulting in over 53 studies included in the detailed full-text analysis. This review is divided into two main parts: (1) a descriptive analysis of the presented models (focused on the modeling tools, validation, and software platform used, etc.), and (2) model analysis (e.g., model purpose, types of agents, input and output data, and modeled area). Special attention was given to the features of these models specifically associated with an agent-based approach. The results lead to the conclusion that the research domain of agent-based tsunami evacuation models is quite narrow and specialized, with a high degree of variability in the model attributes and properties. At the same time, the application of agent-specific methodologies, protocols, organizational paradigms, or standards is sparse.
Supplementary Information
The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11069-022-05643-x.
Digital twin is a computerized model of a physical device or system. Digital twins open new opportunities for operative decision making. Agent-Based Models (ABM) and simulations are core part of digital twins, especially in case of modelling humans in the spaces they act in. Microscopic simulations at the individual level have to be integrated with realistic models of environments. Here digital twins benefit from Building Information Models (BIM) but importing of BIM files into ABM platforms is not common. This problem is addressed in our paper. Principles of BIM are presented briefly. We suggest enhancing NetLogo modelling platform with BIM as the first step towards the development of digital twins models within NetLogo. The first part of the paper describes BIM formats and 3D visualization, including extraction of 3D model parts from IFC format. Parsing an IFC file using python is proposed, with recalculations of coordinates. It is also shown how the content of IFC can be reused in ABM and how simulations can affect BIM backwards.
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