Introduction:The development of medicine has allowed researchers to determine in detail the composition of the body, so that they can not only treat with great effectiveness, but also prevent, the development of modern civilization diseases. Measuring body fat and fat-free mass to determining the amount of water and minerals is a technique used in the daily work of doctors, dieticians, and personal trainers. Thanks to this knowledge they can establish diets, a preferred lifestyle, and physical effort levels. The most frequently used methods are anthropometric methods, hydrodensitometry, or bioelectric impedance analysis. Aim of the research:To analyse the influence of physical activity on body composition in both women and men using bioelectric impedance. Material and methods:The survey was conducted twice at a monthly interval, from 10.2019 to 02.2020. The participants were the same people, regularly attending the "36 Minutes Kielce" gym. The analysis of body composition was performed using the InBody 170-MEDFitness device. This analyser uses the electric impedance method. The results were obtained using a diagnostic survey recording the following: height, gender, age, body weight (kg), total body water content (l), adipose tissue mass (kg, %), muscle mass (kg), protein content (kg), mineral content (kg), fat-free body mass (kg), body mass index (BMI), visceral fat area, the basal metabolic rate (BMR), waist-hip ratio (WHR), segmental fat-free body mass (kg, %), segmental fat body mass (kg, %), muscle-fat control (kg), body composition history, the impedance of each segment and frequency, the Fitness scale, and obesity analysis. Results: The following changes were observed in the study group: average body weight decreased by 0.7 kg and skeletal muscle mass increased by 0.2 kg. The average adipose tissue mass was reduced by 1.1 kg, and consequently the water content increased by 0.2 l and the fat-free mass level increased by 0.3 kg. The WHR score decreased by 0.003 points and the visceral fat area decreased by 0.7, hence the average value of the basal metabolic rate increased from 1436.1 kcal to 1442.6 kcal. Normal BMI was achieved by 36.67% of the participants. Conclusions:The muscle mass gain is related to the total body mass gain, and our own research has shown a statistically significant relationship between these parameters. The reduction of body fat as a result of physical training reduces the overall body weight, and the difference between the amount of fat and the overall body weight is statistically significant. Height and weight have an impact on the body's caloric requirements. Analysis of the value of the basic metabolic index confirms that the higher the weight and height, the greater the daily caloric demand. Physical activity affects changes in body composition, and the recorded values of body weight reduction, amount of fat, BMI, visceral fat level and skeletal muscle mass increase, and water and protein content are statistically significant. StreszczenieWprowadzenie: Rozwój medycyny umożliwia bad...
The aim of this article is to present the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the psychophysical state of a child. The diagnostic survey method and questionnaire technique were used for the study. The survey was conducted online among elementary school students. The empirical material collected shows the evaluation of remote education and its impact on the changes that occurred in children during the pandemic. The changes that occurred during remote learning include increased stress, isolation, lack of contacts with peers, exhaustion, long hours of work in front of a screen and decreased physical activity.
Introduction. Oral health is an integral part of the overall health of the body. Dental caries and periodontal diseases are conditions determined mostly by environmental factors and health behaviours. In order to cope with them it is often necessary to change eating habits and modify unhealthy behaviours. Objective.The aim of the study is to evaluate the condition of the teeth and periodontium of young adults in the context of their lifestyle as a result of healthy and unhealthy behaviours. Materials and method. The study covered a group of 250 students aged 19-22, in general good healthy, who were patients of the Centermed Clinic in Kielce. A diagnostic survey with a questionnaire was used as well as evaluation of a dental examination of the study participants. Results. The results of analyses revealed that the examined students displayed numerous unhealthy behaviours connected with their diet, such as: skipping breakfast, having fizzy drinks, eating fast food, snacking between meals, and eating insufficient vegetables and fruit. There were correlations between negative health behaviours connected with diet and objective dental indices. Conclusions. 1)The oral health of the examined young people, expressed with the indices studied (DMF, PD, SiC, BoP), requires definite improvement and dental intervention. 2) Young adults display numerous unhealthy behaviours despite being aware of the adverse influence on their general condition and oral health. 3)There was a correlation between the oral health of the examined young people and healthy and unhealthy behaviours.
The study aimed to investigate the effect of 3-year swimming training on selected biological variables in prepubescent male swimmers and to determine the best predictors of absolute (VSa) and relative (VSr) swimming velocity for 50 m and 400 m front crawl. Twenty-one 10-year old boys subjected to endurance swimming training (4 x 70 min per week) and 18 boys consisting a control group were assessed semi-annually for basic anthropometric and respiratory characteristics, breath-hold time (BHT), VO2max, leg explosiveness (HJ), and abdominal strength endurance (ASE). After three years of training, BHT (p < 0.001), VO2max (p < 0.01), HJ (p < 0.01) and ASE (p < 0.01) were greater in the swimmers than in the controls. VSa and VSr expressed as a percentage of baseline velocity increased more for the 50 m than for the 400 m distance (p < 0.001 and p < 0.01, respectively). The 50 m VSa and VSr positively correlated with those obtained for the distance of 400 m (in both cases p < 0.001). Baseline VSa was negatively correlated with the increase in absolute swimming velocity for both distances (50 m: r = -0.684, p < 0.001 and 400 m: r = -0.673, p < 0.001). The best predictors of VSa for 50 m and 400 m front crawl were HJ (r2 = 0.388; p < 0.001) and VO2max (r2 = 0.333; p < 0.001), respectively. The key predictors of VSr for both distances were age (50 m: r2 = 0.340, p < 0.001 and 400 m: r2 = 0.207, p < 0.001) and, after excluding it from analysis, HJ (50 m: r2 = 0.176, p < 0.001 and 400 m: r2 = 0.104, p < 0.001). These results suggest that regardless of prepubescent boys’ initial abilities and exercise capacity, improvement in their swimming performance mainly depends on increases in power and neuromuscular coordination.
Authors' contributionWkład autorów: A. Study design/planning zaplanowanie badań B. Data collection/entry zebranie danych C. Data analysis/statistics dane -analiza i statystyki D. Data interpretation interpretacja danych E. Preparation of manuscript przygotowanie artykułu F. Literature analysis/search wyszukiwanie i analiza literatury G. Funds collection zebranie funduszy SummaryBackground. Medical workers, especially nurses, are susceptible to numerous stressful situations, due to the great demands which are a result of the specifics of working with an ill person. The aim of the study was to identify stress factors in nursing work, without taking into account the place of employment (i.e., wards). Material and methods. The study group was made up of a sample of 102 nurses, 15 male and 87 female. The diagnostic poll method and the interview technique were used, and a designed questionnaire was used as the research tool. During statistical analysis, a non-parametric χ 2 test was used (p<0.05). Additionally, the strength of the examined relationships was determined (rp). Results. Work was the main source of stress (44.1%) for the participants. Of the nurses, 39.2% often felt stressed at work, whereas emotional tension was present in 25.5% of the participants constantly. Nearly half felt burdened by everyday tasks at work, while talking about the problem (55.9%) and physical activity (37.3%), including walks (19.6%), were the most frequently used forms of fighting stress. Significant relationships were found between the level of stress and the marital status and place of residence of the participants. Conclusions. Some nurses assessed the stress that accompanied them at work as being high and over half of them felt it was an average level of stress. Stress was the most often mentioned detriment-to-health factor in the opinions of the participants.
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