This article aims to explain on how the concept of economic value assessment using Travel Cost Method (TCM) can be applied to recreational based tourism locations. By using the Travel Cost Method (TCM) approach, the economic value of a tourism location can be determined even though the attributes of that tourism site are based on recreational features. The concept of economic determination of a tourism location based on Travel Cost Method (TCM) is by the use of individual's travel cost data as a proxy for the recreational value of that tourist location. Consumers' willingness to pay (WTP) for the cost to visit the recreation area is able to show the economic value and importance of a tourism location. The reason is because visitors have to spend money to pay for the costs of travel such as fuel, tolls, parking and the costs during the stay in recreational centre such as accommodation, food and ticket prices should also be considered. However, economic value assessment using Travel Cost Method (TCM) comes with certain issues and limitations. Therefore, this article also discusses the issues and limitations in applying economic value assessment of a tourist location based on Travel Cost Method (TCM).
Green building has attracted increasing attention in recent years and the concept has a positive impact on the environment when adopted in the field of housing development. This study aims to explore the drivers and strategies that should be developed in order to encourage green building project delivery in housing development. This study uses an empirical approach that combines case study, quantitative, and qualitative methods. First, a questionnaire survey was distributed to housing developers in the Klang Valley (KV). A total of 234 developers returned completed questionnaires. The results of the quantitative analysis, based on descriptive statistics, Cronbach"s alpha, correlation, and multiple regression analysis showed that social and cultural drivers have the greatest effect on green building project delivery by housing developers. Next, the quantitative findings were applied to a qualitative case study and two companies in KV were investigated. Finally, the results were validated by interviewing five experts in the industry. The results of the experts" interviews not only validated the findings obtained from the quantitative and qualitative analysis, but also provided in-depth explanations for the identified drivers and strategies.
Despite the rich and diverse heritage buildings in Malaysia, they suffer from many problems and threats. Many heritage buildings are deteriorating, and this threatens the country’s cultural values. The deterioration of built heritage is a result of the poor inheritance of its related documentation and need to be addressed. Thus, this study brought forward the concept of preservation using Building Information Modelling (BIM). Exploring the potential of BIM as a preservation tool in reviving local cultural values might help to balance the problem of poor inheritance or inconsistency in managing historic and documentation maintenance. The aim of this paper is to study the relationship between levels of development (LOD) and usage of BIM in heritage building preservation. This study employs exploratory research using content analysis. The result of the study found that the availability of as-built details (LOD 500) of the building would be the crucial dataset needed for BIM to function in heritagebuilding as H-BIM. This paper suggests on techniques available for constructing Level of Development (LOD) needed for H-BIM.
The Historic Building Information Modelling (HBIM) is widely accepted and practiced all over the world. However, the adoption of HBIM within Malaysian construction industry is relatively low and slow because it demands new skill sets such as 3D modelling expertise, understanding of the approach, a lot of collaboration and it forces industry players to relate to each other differently. It is psychologically a very healthy environment, but not necessarily an easy transition. Since our cultural heritage buildings are limited, it is crucial for us to take care of it. Loss of information, insufficient documentation, poor maintenance, lack of technology adaptation, and reports reliability are among common problems the industry are facing. This paper review the attributes of HBIM based on literature, and its benefits, processes, tools, and challenges are highlighted. From this study, HBIM shows significant attributes that can contribute in providing a better understanding in handling historical buildings, besides allowing enhanced communication and documentation.
The authors present a new method of recognizing different human facial gestures through their neural activities and muscle movements, which can be used in machine-interfacing applications. Human–machine interface (HMI) technology utilizes human neural activities as input controllers for the machine. Recently, much work has been done on the specific application of facial electromyography (EMG)-based HMI, which have used limited and fixed numbers of facial gestures. In this work, a multipurpose interface is suggested that can support 2–11 control commands that can be applied to various HMI systems. The significance of this work is finding the most accurate facial gestures for any application with a maximum of eleven control commands. Eleven facial gesture EMGs are recorded from ten volunteers. Detected EMGs are passed through a band-pass filter and root mean square features are extracted. Various combinations of gestures with a different number of gestures in each group are made from the existing facial gestures. Finally, all combinations are trained and classified by a Fuzzy c-means classifier. In conclusion, combinations with the highest recognition accuracy in each group are chosen. An average accuracy >90% of chosen combinations proved their ability to be used as command controllers.
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