The initial cases of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus‐2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) occurred in Wuhan, China, in December 2019 and swept the world by 23 June 2020 with 8 993 659 active cases, 469 587 deaths across 216 countries, areas or territories. This strongly implies global transmission occurred before the lockdown of China. However, the initial source's transmission routes of SARS‐CoV‐2 remain obscure and controversial. Research data suggest bat (RaTG13) and pangolin carried CoV were the proximal source of SARS‐CoV‐2. In this study, we used systematic phylogenetic analysis of Coronavirinae subfamily along with wild type human SARS‐CoV, MERS‐CoV, and SARS‐CoV‐2 strains. The key residues of the receptor‐binding domain (RBD) and O‐linked glycan were compared. SARS‐CoV‐2 strains were clustered with RaTG13 (97.41% identity), Pangolin‐CoV (92.22% identity) and Bat‐SL‐CoV (80.36% identity), forms a new clade‐2 in lineage B of beta‐CoV. The alignments of RBD contact residues to ACE2 justified? Those SARS‐CoV‐2 strains sequences were 100% identical by each other, significantly varied in RaTG13 and pangolin‐CoV. SARS‐CoV‐2 has a polybasic cleavage site with an inserted sequence of PRRA compared to RaTG13 and only PRR to pangolin. Only serine (Ser) in pangolin and both threonine (Thr) and serine (Ser) O‐linked glycans were seen in RaTG13, suggesting that a detailed study needed in pangolin ( Manis javanica ) and bat ( Rhinolophus affinis ) related CoV.

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Background Bacterial characterization is important in clinical and epidemiological studies. We herein report the first case of gas-producing Vibrio cholera gastroenteritis with acute kidney injury. Case presentation A 30-year-old female presented to the emergency department with complaints of about ten episodes of watery diarrhea, four episodes of vomiting and elevated serum urea/creatinine levels. Although the bacteria were first misidentified as Vibrio furnissii by gas production on carbohydrate fermentation and triple sugar iron agar, it was later confirmed as Vibrio cholerae by 16 S rRNA gene sequencing and specific PCR. The treatment regimen was followed as for Vibrio species with intravenous fluids, ciprofloxacin and doxycycline. The patient recovered without relapse. Conclusions Literature survey from the PubMed database shows no gas-producing Vibrio cholerae isolate being reported in the world. Further, genotype studies are warranted to look into the gas production of Vibrio cholerae .

Dengue fever is the most important mosquito-borne viral disease, found to be endemic in tropical and subtropical countries. In recent decades, the incidence of dengue infection has increased around the world and has become a major public health concern. Materials and Methods: The prospective study was conducted during the period from July 2018 to

Background The initial cases of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) occurred in Wuhan, China, in December 2019 and swept the world by 13 May 2020 with 4,179,479 active cases, 287,525 deaths across 215 countries, areas or territories. This strongly implies global transmission occurred before the lockdown of China. However, the initial source's transmission routes of SARS-CoV-2 remain obscure and controversial. Research data suggest bat (RaTG13) and pangolin carried CoV were the proximal source of SARS-CoV-2.Methods In this study, we used systematic phylogenetic analysis of Coronavirinae subfamily along with wild type human SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and SARS-CoV-2 strains. The key residues of the receptor-binding domain (RBD), O-linked glycan and Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) were compared.Results SARS-CoV-2 strains were clustered with RaTG13 (97.41% identity), Pangolin-CoV (92.22% identity) and Bat-SL-CoV (80.36% identity), forms a new clade-2 in lineage B of beta-CoV. The alignments of RBD contact residues to ACE2 justified those SARS-CoV-2 strains sequences were 100% identical by each other, significantly varied in RaTG13 and pangolin-CoV. SARS-CoV-2 has a polybasic cleavage site with an inserted sequence of PRRA compared to RaTG13 and only PRR to pangolin. Only serine (Ser) in pangolin and both threonine (Thr) and serine (Ser) O-linked glycans were seen in RaTG13.Conclusion Though, pangolin (Manis javanica) and bat (Rhinolophus affinis) related CoV proximal to SARS-CoV; detailed study needed to confirm.