The study aimed to develop energy flow diagram (Sankey diagram) of Sudan for the base year 2014. The developed Sankey diagram is the first of its kind in Sudan. The available energy balance for the base year 2012 is a simple line draw and did not count the energy supply by private and mixed sectors such as sugar and oil industries and marine and civil aviation. The private and mixed sectors account for about 7% of the national grid electric power. Four energy modules are developed: resources, transformation, demand, and export and import modules. The data are obtained from relevant Sudanese ministries and directorates and Sudan Central Bank. “e!Sankey 4 pro” software is used to develop the Sankey diagram. The main primary types of energy in Sudan are oil, hydro, biomass, and renewable energy. Sudan has a surplus of gasoline, petroleum coke, and biomass and deficit in electric power, gasoil, jet oil, and LPG. The surplus of gasoline is exported; however, the petroleum coke is kept as reserve. The deficit is covered by import. The overall useful energy is 76% and the loss is 24%. The useful energy is distributed among residential (38%), transportation (33%), industry (12%), services (16%), and agriculture (1%) sectors.
currently worldwide installed capacity of the network connected wind generators grows rapidly; this rise of integration rate of wind energy could lead to circulation of transient stability and could potentially cause local or system wide blackout. This paper presents a recovery strategy that enables the system of HVDC transmission systems based on voltage source converter, which transmit electrical power from the wind turbines to the power network, to ride-through different positions of ac faults with smallest amount current and voltage stresses on the converter switching devices. Issue such as control strategies for a VSC-HVDC conduction system connecting offshore wind farms to the power network is discussed. The results show that the transient stability study of the system is widely different when the faults occur in neither wind side nor power network side. The DC link voltage behaves similarly to the AC voltage. However when the AC fault occurs in the wind side stations either for ac voltage or DC voltage the system behavior does not return to its normal operation after the fault is cleared. A reduced network model has been implemented in MATLAB/ SIMULINK to assess control performance during the fault.
The African continent is endowed with large renewable potential, varying in types across diverse geographic areas. Wind resources are of the highest quality in the north, the east, and the southern regions [1]. This study concentrates on Sudan as one of African countries; that possess a good potential in wind power which can be integrated to support national grid as well as future regional power grid. This study uses windPRO 3.0.651 package [2] which is a software of wind energy project design and planning. In this study a comprehensive analysis for wind power in Sudan was done to verify the wind power potential in Sudan.
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