Modelling of Sudan’s Energy Supply, Transformation, and Demand

Abstract

The study aimed to develop energy flow diagram (Sankey diagram) of Sudan for the base year 2014. The developed Sankey diagram is the first of its kind in Sudan. The available energy balance for the base year 2012 is a simple line draw and did not count the energy supply by private and mixed sectors such as sugar and oil industries and marine and civil aviation. The private and mixed sectors account for about 7% of the national grid electric power. Four energy modules are developed: resources, transformation, demand, and export and import modules. The data are obtained from relevant Sudanese ministries and directorates and Sudan Central Bank. “e!Sankey 4 pro” software is used to develop the Sankey diagram. The main primary types of energy in Sudan are oil, hydro, biomass, and renewable energy. Sudan has a surplus of gasoline, petroleum coke, and biomass and deficit in electric power, gasoil, jet oil, and LPG. The surplus of gasoline is exported; however, the petroleum coke is kept as reserve. The deficit is covered by import. The overall useful energy is 76% and the loss is 24%. The useful energy is distributed among residential (38%), transportation (33%), industry (12%), services (16%), and agriculture (1%) sectors.

Enhancing Sustainable Development and Regional Integration through Electrification by Solar Power: The Case of Six East African States

“…As of September 2019, the Government of South Sudan had announced its intentions to tap the immense renewable energy sources of the country by launching a plan aimed at defining the country's renewable energy course of development, and there are plans to secure US$ 990,000 for a renewable energy program [53]. It is anticipated that the development of solar power would decouple economic growth from the geopolitics of oil and gas [54]. Nonetheless, the literature indicates that photovoltaics are the main technological means for tapping solar power in the country, with a total installed capacity of 2 MW.…”

Syngas Production from Agriculture Residues: Sudan

“…The available biomass for energy also excludes that goes as animal feed, construction, and other industries. The available biomass for energy is about 11 Mt/year, with an energy content of 154 PJ/year (154 × 10 15 J), equivalent to 3.68 Mtoe (1 TJ = 2:388 × 10 −5 Mtoe) [1][2][3][4]. The potential electric generation from biomass is about 1 GW.…”

An Indoor Experimental Study on the Effect of Dust on a Solar PV Panel

“…Sudan is very rich in solar radiation and has long sunshine hours all over the country, Osman [2] and Rabah et al [3]. It is one of the top solar energy regions of the world.…”

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